WERSITY OF ILLINOIS “BULLETIN. 
us Issump Warxry . | 
VINO MVR a pikes November 25, 1918 . djs i ge No, 13 


{Entered as second-class matter December 11, 1912, at the post office at Ur haan thi ails, under the Act of August 24, 
1912, S aatceioacte for ean at the e special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of 
Ostober 3, 1917, aubtoriied Jaly 31, 1918} 


oe DISCUSSION OF THE DEVELOPMENT 
AND NEEDS 


“SOF THE 


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


AND THE 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
OF THE 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


‘ PUBLISHED mY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
a URBANA, ILLINOIS e 


Return this book on or before the 
Latest Date stamped below. A 
charge is made on all overdue 
books. 


University of Illinois Library 


Ree BO ayn 


27214 


AaYNLOALIBHOUY AO INAWLAVdAC AHL AO AAVLIS AHL Ad GaavVdaAg 
“LSVHHLYON ONIMOOT ‘ONIMAANIONG 40 HOATIOI) AHL HO SAdNV() AHL AO NOISNHLXY AHL YOA ACALS V 


A DISCUSSION OF THE DEVELOPMENT 


RDO NEEDS CUNVERSITY OF ILLING!S (le 
OF THE ADD 
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
AND THE 
ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
OF THE 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


PREPARED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE 


PRESIDENT AND THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
BY 
THE DEAN AND HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS 


1919 


URBANA, ILLINOIS 


Lo} tay 


uPA 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 
THE NEED FOR TECHNICAL TRAINING AND 
RA as ty ae a he ye eT tT 
Peers URCUS OF ALEINOIS . 2. ce ace ee . 12 
Serra esOurces. lolly. 4 fae eee ee 12 
eC Crs ae ier era et ee i 12 
Seerreeuninesources ©) oy fg ee ees 16 
Bemreeninicral mesources. 8 Sy oe eee 16 
Perma evieine sslunGrics. igh byt ss na ake es ee ae, LS 
emer a1OTM Ist Lies at tenn. ern. SRO ee Ad 
PEMA EAT OLE Nini. 1 -)) isso ee cee ea te 1G 
Population Statistics) . . 19 
The Value of Education in se eecicerncin af ‘he 
este Ole NES Later isa ao ae Ge uct we a ee QU 
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLEGE OF 
PavGrtINUERING ~~. 2. Ce ees, barked waa crag ah. 
The Department of neni SHRM a Tae hos aineaet 
The Department of Ceramic Engineering. . . . . 29 
ithe Department.of Civil Engineering. . . . . . $i 
The Department of Electrical Engineering . . . . 38 
The Department of General Engineering Drawing . . 34 
The Department of Mechanical Engineering. . . . 34 
The Department of Mining Engineering .. 30 
The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Erneee 36 
The Department of Physics ete 40 
The Department of Theoretical and ee niiedt a fechente 42 
The Department of Railway Engineering. . . . . 44 


THE ALUMNI OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING . . 48 


THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION bial ge eesti 
Dee eat ee le re lg) ee eS 
DE OAMUINE IE DEX etl iyt eg eek Say Vege) ge ah EDO 
(Povuctauve ivesticavions. is fone. “Seka, on 64 


Ae eA Ost. cae ea eS Pe a 66 


CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 
PAGE 


NEEDS OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND 
OF THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 72 


The Staff of Instruction. . .\. . .7 \) 70s 
The Maintenance and Extension of Equipment . . . 74 
The Engineering Experiment Station .. . 7) 2geeeen 
Buildings and Land ........ ..” | 4) 3 
Summer Surveying Camp. .. . |...) eee 


THE PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE COLLEGE OF 
ENGINEERING AND THE ENGINEERING EXPERI- 
MENT STATION FOR THE BIENNIUM BEGINNING 
JULY 1,1919 . .. 2:0. 4 rs 


LIRECT 


G 


@PR 1> "I9 


THE NEED FOR TECHNICAL TRAINING AND 
RESEARCH 


Ors experience during eighteen months of war has 

fully demonstrated the value to the Nation of the 
men who have had scientific and technical training, and of 
the accumulated knowledge developed from scientific re- 
search. All the ingenuity of man has been applied in the 


advancement of the art of modern warfare, and conse- 


quently the work of the engineer, of the chemist and of the 
physicist has been of as great or possibly of even greater 


‘importance to the successful prosecution of the contest as 


that of the fighting men in the Army. The need to solve a 
great variety of new problems quickly has demanded the 
best efforts of our engineers and scientists, and the marvel- 
ous results of their work stand as monuments to their 
ability, efficiency and patriotism. 

The rapid completion of the National Army canton- 
ments and flying fields, the construction of enormous 
plants for the manufacture of explosives and all other 
munitions of war, for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 
and for the housing of labor, the construction of our emer- 
gency fleet and of the astonishing dock and other terminal 
facilities in France and in America, the network of rail- 
ways and telephone lines in France, the development of 
vast cold storage and other warehouses for the maintenance 
of our Armies in France, the organization of the motor 
transport and tank service, the development of new devices 
and processes to combat the cunning of the enemy, the 
reorganization of the industries, the remarkable work of the 
chemical warfare service, and all the other achievements of 
America, which have required the proper coérdination of 
science and industry, have excited the admiration and 
respect of the world. . 

7 


8 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


Many people in America have regarded our vast nat- 
ural resources of soil, coal, oil and minerals as practically 
inexhaustible, and they have wasted these resources in the 
most prodigal manner. With the methods of coal mining 
now employed, only about 50 per cent of the available coal 
is recovered, and as a result of wasteful methods of prepa- 
ration, transportation and utilization of coal, the percent- 
age of available fuel in the ground, which is finally usefully 
employed, is so small as to excite the apprehension of 
engineers. Similar conditions prevail in the extraction of 
oil from the ground, although engineers and scientists 
recognize that the conservation of our oil resources is of 
fundamental importance to our future industrial develop- 
ment. It has required only a short period of war to show 
conclusively that this country must provide for a more 
effective regulation of the use of our fuel and mineral 
resources, which will insure maximum efficiency in their 
recovery and utilization. The attention of engineers and 
chemists must be directed to these problems, and it is only 
by a careful scientific study of these important industrial 
and economical questions that we can hope to prolong the 
time required for the exhaustion of these resources. 

As aresult of the war, industry in America will undoubt- 
edly be stimulated, because it has been forced to depend 
upon its own resources and develop new products which 
heretofore were imported from abroad, and to overcome 
conditions the like of which this country has never before 
met. For four years the principal nations of Europe have 
undertaken no construction except such as was essential to 
the prosecution of the war, and for nearly two years a 
similar condition has prevailed in America. During this 
awful period the destruction of property has been appalling. 
With the advent of peace, the need for the reconstruction 
of the industries of the nations at war, and for the extension 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION ) 


of new industries developed because of war-time necessity, 
will present problems, the successful solution of which will 
have the most far-reaching effect on the future of the 
countries concerned. America must play a leading part in 
this reconstruction work. It must supply competent men 
trained as engineers and as scientists to assist in the work 
at home and abroad. It must provide the means for scien- 
tific and technical training and for scientific research to in-. 
sure that the country will never again return to a condition 
involving such careless waste as has prevailed in the past. 

The response of the colleges and their graduates and 
students to the Nation’s call for help has again afforded 
striking proof that education develops in men and women 
a fine sense of patriotism and responsibility and a spirit of 
service and self-sacrifice. These qualities in its citizens are 
important and valuable to the State in time of peace, and 
they are indispensable in time of war. 

The war has demonstrated not only the importance of 
technical education, of science and of scientific research in 
the solution of important industrial problems, but it has 
also shown some striking illustrations of the value of educa- 
tion to the individual as well as tothe Nation. In the organ- 
ization of our Army and of our Navy, it was early found 
that in most branches of the service a college education is a 
distinct asset, for the advanced training of the individual 
rendered him more adaptable and more successful in meet- 
ing the requirements of the service. A few striking illus- 
trations are typical of a condition which has been definitely 
recognized by Government officials. Thus, in the Coast 
Artillery Officers’ Training School, it has been found that 
practically all the men without a high-school education 
failed, that of the graduates of high schools 98 per cent 
_ failed, that of persons having two years of academic college 
training 60 per cent failed, while of those persons having 


se) COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


two years of engineering college training 40 per cent failed. 
It was further found that among the graduates of academic 
college courses only Io per cent failed, while among the 
graduates of engineering colleges, the percentage of failures - 
was so small as to be negligible. An investigation in several 
of the so-called ‘ground schools’’ of the Aviation Service 
has disclosed a condition somewhat similar to that described 
in the Coast Artillery. In fact, the importance of an educa- 
tion has been so fully recognized in the Air Service of the 
Army that recruiting officers have been requested to rate 
men according to their educational preparation as follows: 
College graduates, ‘‘very favorable’; not less than two 
years of college education, ‘‘favorable’’; high school grad- 
uates, ‘‘neutral’’; partial high school training, ‘unfavor- 
able’’; less than high school training, “disqualifying.” 

In every branch of the Government service a college 
degree has counted for much, assuming that this evidence of 
educational preparation was possessed by men whose per- 
sonal and physical qualifications were acceptable, and dur- 
ing recent years the demand of the industries for technically _ 
trained men has been far in excess of the supply. During the 
past year the Government has spent $200,000,000 on vari- 
ous educational processes designed to prepare young men 
as technicians or for entrance to Officers’ Training Schools. 

Examples of the importance of technical training could 
readily be multiplied indefinitely, but the value of educa- 
tion and research has come to be so generally recognized 
by the people of this country that 1t seems unnecessary to 
present further arguments in favor of the proper mainte- 
nance of institutions of learning. 

In the following pages an effort is made to show why 
the people of the State of Illinois cannot ignore the condi- 
tions which lead to industrial prosperity and supremacy, nor 
the agencies which will advance the industrial and social 
interests of the State. 


THE MILITARY VALUE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 


COAST ARTILLERY SCHOOL. Fr. MONROE, VA. 
(Letter Maj. Gen. FW. Coe to Adj. Gen. Sep. 8, /9/8.) 
100 men enicvinG Z__ Tees | O 
High Schoo! 
epg only. ae NE OF 
College 2 years. 
(academic) 
College 2 years. 
(engineering) : 
College grad. 
(academic) 


College grad. 
lagivesring) me 


aT OO 
Raa oO 


ma /O 


FAILURES 


5S.M.A. RECORDS. A study of 440 cases. 
Less than High (Frepor? by 0.8.Lawrence) 
School grad. OO 


High Schoo/ 
gradvates. 


less than 
College gra Teg 


College grad. 
Pour aes) 


Mechanics 


oes 25,7 


ms 7 


FAILURES 


ea SO 


| THE MILITARY VALUE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION 


FAILURES IN SCHOOL OF MILITARY AERONAUTICS 
PER 100 MEN ENTERING. 


S.M.A. PECOROS. A SrTuby OF /498 CASES, AT AUSTIN, TEXAS. 
(Report by T.S.Painter) 


V.S.CaS, E=EELEESENESES 2 <S- SEE PI SLOT TTY 
AUTO 
COU FU FS. C= 6 EEE 
DALESMEN {eos EL 2S LS 


NS.CCOAS, EZEZEP EELS 2 7 ETE IS ETT ESTES TD 
MECHANICS § COU. 3 FS. CED | <f TID 
Tora. EAE 2 I EES 


M.S. CAA §. EET ITE TENET EITC SE IIE, | [EEE IE GT TEE I RI TE LOTT I TE 
CLERICAL \CO/. 3 Yrs. —=—4am— 
Total RE 2 3 SEE 


VS. CAA 5 CEILI ES ETD IOI F 7 AOE ILE EEE ET I EE ED 
FARMERS \CO/l SY/S. || 
Tofal S/o ES 


LS. CL ALS , ERIE MET ELE ELL SEEDER TEEN TITEL 
LAWYERS \CO//. 3 yrs. =: 
Total TERY 6 eB 


HS.Crad/s. =n 5 
PROFESSIONAL CO//. 3 (S.C 5 Mme 
| Zora/ wee 


HS.Crad5. || 
STUDENTS } Coll. yrs, Sama 
: Total cars mem 


VL}. CLEA 5 ELIE EADS EE LELELA, 3! SBE ABN DEAE IP BN PELE LATED SA 
SALESMEN \ COU 7S. YS / 5 TS 
Jota/ CECT ESN? 2 5 TEAL REGEN IE IG 


Nore: The line marked "Total"failures covers four classes of men in each group, 
and may be less than the line marked “Coll. 3 yrs." failures, but the 
failures in the latter class are always the smallest in any group. 


II 


12 “COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


THE RESOURCES OF ILLINOIS 
fi eeee prosperity and relative standing of any common- 


wealth depend upon the variety and extent of its ‘ 


natural resources, the diversity of its industries, the acces- 
sibility of necessary raw materials not produced within its 
own boundaries, the location of markets for its surplus pro- 
ducts, the extent of its transportation facilities, and the 
intelligence and initiative of its people. In America few 
other states lead Illinois in the possession of resources which 
so fully meet these conditions, and in no other state are the 
possibilities for future industrial development so promising. 

Illinois has an area of 56,665 square miles, 56,043 
square miles being land, of which 90.7 per cent is in farms, 
and most of them are under cultivation. Because of the 
fertility of its soil, the State has for many years ranked 
as one of the leaders in the value of its agrieniturat 
property and in the gross annual receipts from its agricul- 
tural products. Thus, in 1910 the value of all farm prop- 
erty in the State was estimated at approximately $4,000,- 
000,000, giving it first place among the states of the Union, 
and in 1917 the gross annual value of its farm products 
was $842,042,000, which was exceeded by no other state. 

Below the surface of this great agricultural state there 
is an area of approximately 36,800 square miles of coal in 
seams of sufficient thickness to justify mining operations. 
Of these vast coal resources, estimated at 201,399,808,000 to 
240,000,000,000 tons, only about one per cent has so far been 
used and rendered non-recoverable. From the latest avail- 
able sources of information, the total estimated value of 
the coal mining property in the State is $160,000,000, and 
the value of the coal mined in 1917 was $162,281,822, plac- 
ing Illinois third among all the states. 

In addition to its coal resources, Illinois is a large 


Illinois 
lowa 
Texas 


Missouri 


Kansas 
Ohio 


Meg In 


DS EIN ae 


__ 


——, 
=—~-w— 


ES ESAES 


WU ° 5 CMLL SPREE EB SLOE 


a a) 


Wh CUMULUS 


NewYork 


NoCarolina 


Oregon 


Mississippi 


leer ene 


. VALUES OF FARM PROPERTY 


and FARM PRODUCTS 


Arizona a a 
oe ame 
Nevada te gfe 
R.Island coz Value of Farm tat 
szzmems Value of Farm rrepeny. 
or GEE Peder in Value of Farm Products, 1917. 
Total Value o ‘ofal Value o otal Value of Total Value 
Farm feapeste Bon Products ‘arm Property. noe Pro se of 
Iinois £3,905,325,075  *%598,936,470 No.Carolina *537, 716,210 £176, 322,078 
lowa 3,745,860, $44 586, 72/, 824 Oregon $28, 243, 782 80, 876, 44/ 
Texas 2,2/8, 645, /64 430, 33/, 2/3 Mississipp! 426, 314,634 1/72, 708,578 
Missouri 2,052,917,488 429, 742, O23 : 
Aansas 2,039,389,9/0 389, 464, 299 Arizona 75, 123,970 13,113, 850 
Ohio /,902,649,589 388, 435, 236 Nevada 60, 399,365 12, 684, /43 
NewYork 1,451,48/,495 353, 296, 632 R. [sland 32, 990,739 8, 089,938 


The Production of Petroleum in Iflinois 


Petroleum Production in 1917. 


in millions of dollars 


Okla. 181.6 
Cal. 86 
Kansas 67.1 


Texas 42.8 EEE 
JLUNOIS 31.3 memes 
Lovis. 17.2 = 


Coal Production in 1917. 
Penn. 2588 in millions of tons 
en REL TR RE RTE 
W.Va. 86.4 Es 
ILLINOIS 66.2 summers 


Marketed Production of. Petroleum in Illinois, 1913 to 1917 inclusive. 
millions of barre 


in 
1913 23.8 ee 
F100 9 peers eA PY EE RS ERS 
V1.5 S90 ESSER EDP 
VSUG 17. 7 Samaras a PARTS RP CT RT EE ES 
1907 (5.8 ipememerceper aes cee or SRE SPA SE TIO ST EO 


Value of Petroleym Produced in Illinois, 1913 to 1917 tnclusivé 
millions of dolla 


Data furnished by 
State apie acs Survey Division 
falf, Chief, Urbano. 


13 


Comparison of the Mineral Resources of Illinois 
with those of Other States 


COAL - VALUE IN MILLIONS. PETROLEUM- Valve IN MULIONS. SAND & GRAVEL- VALUE IN MILLIONS. 

Penn. 3520 Okla, $67 [== Penn. 2.7 === 
W.Va, “45 a Calit 36.6 == Ohio 26 == 
LL 646 ms “Le «8186 = NY 24 = 
Ohio 2426 Wa 45 GB “he 1.9 = 

CLAY PRODUCTS - VALUE IN MILLIONS. CEMENT= VALUE IN ANLLUONS. PIG IRON- VALUE IN MILLIONS. 
Ohio 366 EEE Fenn, 203 wuummmmms «= enn. /49 = 
Fenn, 22.7 @E==E Ind. 73 (= Ohio. 905 ===ERI 
NJer (60 == Calif 63 = MLL. #2 VE 
444 48 GEE MkLe 49 NY 22 


Tora. MINERAL PRoOouCTS OF THEUS. IN/ISIS - VALUE IN MILLIONS, 


LOBE ASO AAR SLL RT LT IIT TES IE IE EEE BESTE SO ST EE 

2. Wa /35 = 

3. JLLo. V/S5 EE 

4. Ohio (05 EEE 

5. Calf 97 —Ex=s 

6. Mich. 34 EE 

7 Ariz. 2 EEE 

8. Ment 6&8 HEE 

9. OA/a. 6/ 

18. ldaho 33 [== 

28 La. /6 OF UE ie (ssc aee, publthed spa 16,talF 
by US. Dept. of Interior 

38 Fla. $a 

48 Del. (ale 


Progress of Center of Gravity of Population 
in the United States 


Lased on 1910 Census 


Wa sig “—. pates, 


it~ 


: / 
Ne a \ MON Taya 


Reson 
i 
-—- Vf ILLINOIS, 


i NEW MEXICO 


| 
| 
| 


Legend NS ‘ i 
1) Center (RelA, Siege of Population ( (1910). Ms LOUIs/ANA 
Same. 


aN 
yi tersections Of 1 sip specie et T~ 
+ Locators of former Intersections. Y 


Center of Gravity of Mineral Output. 
Center e of Sen Ye orn Production. 


14 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 15 


producer of crude petroleum and of natural gas. The pro- 
duction of oil in 1917 amounted to 15,776,860 barrels, so 
that as an oil producing state, Illinois ranks fifth, —a change 
from third place in 1915. 

The “mineral center’’ of the United States lies within 
the boundaries of Illinois. The State produces some lead 
and zinc ore, and it has the largest zinc smelters in America. 
It is the largest producer of fluor-spar, and it has extensive 
deposits of sand and gravel. There are also vast deposits 
of clay and limestone, and Illinois now has come to be one 
of the leading states in the manufacture of cement and 
clay products. There are still some undeveloped natural 
resources which may assume importance in the future. 
Thus, there are deposits of ganister, glass sand, and oil 
shales which may ultimately become of considerable eco- 
nomic importance. 

While Illinois has generally been characterized as an 
agricultural state, it has for many years occupied a leading 
position because of the importance and variety of its man- 
ufacturing industries. While there have been no reliable 
statistical data since the 1914 census report, it is interest- 
ing to note that at that time [Illinois had an investment of 
$1,943,836,000 in its manufacturing plants, and that these 
industries produced annually commodities valued at $2,247- 
323,000. At that time Illinois occupied third place among 
the manufacturing states of the country. Whether these 
relative figures still hold is uncertain. It is true, however, 
that since 1914 the development of manufacturing in the 
State has been rapid, and that because of cheap fuel, the 
variety of available raw materials and the convenience of 
transportation, the State should make progress which 
would carry it beyond the position which it now occupies, 
in comparison with other states. 

The transportation facilities of Illinois are unusually 


16 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


extensive. According to the Illinois Public Utilities 
Commission’s Report for 1915, the total mileage of steam 
railroads within the State is 23,897, including double 
tracks and sidings, which is probably exceeded by no 
other state, although Texas may have a greater effective 
mileage of such roads; the total mileage of electric rail- — 
ways 1S 3,448, which is exceeded by only three other states; 
the approximate value of all railway property which 
may be considered as an asset of the State was estim- 
ated at $1,438,000,000 in 1913; and the gross annual 
receipts from all railway operation was $250,125,258 for 
the same year. | 

Not only has Illinois remarkable railway facilities, 
but it possesses relatively unexploited waterways, which 
undoubtedly will sometime assume greater relative impor- 
tance in the State. The Mississippi River forms the 
whole western boundary of the State, while the Ohio River 
forms a portion of its southern boundary. The I[llinois 
River is navigable for a considerable distance, and this 
stream, in connection with a canal system now in existence, 
makes it possible to go by water from Lake Michigan to 
the Gulf of Mexico. If a deep waterway from the Lakes 
to the Mississippi is ultimately provided, it may greatly 
increase the prestige of the State as an exporter of food- 
stuffs and manufactured products, and much of the apparent 
advantage of those states which lie along the Atlantic sea- 
board may be overcome. 

According to data compiled in 1912, the total wealth 
of Illinois was $15,484,450,232. At that time the wealth 
per capita in this State was $2,660. The total wealth of 
Illinois was exceeded only by New York with $25,011,- 
105,223, with a wealth per capita of $2,626. It is inter- 
esting to note that Pennsylvania had an estimated wealth 
of $15,457,530,277, with a wealth per capita of $1,939. 


lL. 


va 


= 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 


13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 


46. 
47. 
48. 


TOTAL VALUE OF MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 
OF ILLINOIS AS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES 


—-Iisi¢— 

New York TF RAR NEAR SLIP Been EWES SES a UE aR Ne BORE DUNT SE 

Pennsylvania ST EY SOE 

ILLINOIS De Seis SS SPO eR a aN SN we] 

Ohio EES REP Ey 

Massachusetts fe ee SPER ER. =e a eT] 

New Jersey PL 

Michigan REESE 

Maryland cE, 

Texas Leek] 

Kansas AGREES 

Iowa Fa he] 

Nevada r 

Wyoming 

New Mexico i 
NewYork | $3,814,;661,000 Maryland %377,749,000 
Pennsylvania 2, 632,350,000 Texas 361,279,000 
ILLINOIS 2,247, 347,000 Kansas 323, 234,000 
Ohio 1, 762, 806,000 Iowa 310, 750,000 
Massachusetts 1,641,373,000 
New Jersey 1,406, 633, 000 Nevada 16, 083,000 
Michigan 1,086, 162,000 Wyoming Il, 224,000 


New Mexico 9, 320,000 


KS 


. 
xx 


food Bs ote 2 8 : Se eee 
Producte\ eee 
$86,/3/,000 Metal Industriess 
pee (BI, J. by, 00s es 
Clothing eee ee 


ates 
Sircatateresecenesnstatntatoeeoetocoe 
food Products i BS see 5 
rotate 6505 ~ 


$542 423,000 $66,481,000 


Liquor & Tobacco 
‘81,021,000 


SS SSN SO \ Wes 
{ discellaneow ~ 
J $86,289,000 \\ 


RQ gs 


LEGEND Total 
Directly concerned with engineering. 
less directly concerned with engineering. 


Value *733, 091,000 


VALUE OF ALL PRODUCTS INCREASE IN VALUE OVER 
MANUFACTURED IN ILLINOIS. COST OF RAW MATERIALS OF 
—1I91I0 — ILLINOIS MANUFACTURED PROD- 


UCTS. — 1910. 


California 
Iowa UR 

Texas RRS 

MassachusellS seamen : 


Arkansas es onues 
NorthCarolina mums 
Mississippi som 


oming a 
Delaware a 


Wealth of States - 1912 uN 


New Yorke 26,011,105,000 Arkansas */,829,521,000 
ILLINOIS 15 484,450,000 No.Carolina /,807,573,000 ||| | 
Pennsylvania /§,457,§30,000 HMassissippi 1,344,860,000 K\ [ 
/ i 
hs} 


OfIo 8,908,432,000 

California 8 464,204,000 

fowa 7,868,454,000 ; 

Texas 6,859,909,000 Wyoming 353,844,000 
Massachusetis 6,202,988,000 Delaware 307,948,000 


Occupations of the People of Itlinois 


1910 Census Report 


Based on Total Wage Earners, Joyrs.orover. Based on Male Wage Zamers, Jo yrs.or over. 


Agriculture, Agriculture, 


Forestry ana 
Animal Husbandry \/ YY 
23.57 To 


Clerica 


fngineering 
roressions 0.36% 


Engineering 
Professions O44% 


UA Directly benelited by Engineering Education 


18 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION Palo 


In a number of the states whose population is small, the 
per capita wealth exceeds that of the states mentioned, 
although their total wealth falls very far below the figures 
given for these three states. 

According to estimates of the United States Census 
Bureau, the population of Illinois on January I, 1917 was 
6,193,626. The population of this State was exceeded 
only by New York which had 10,366,778, and by Penn- 
sylvania which had 8,591,029. One interesting conclusion 
which results from an examination of the estimated popu- 
lation statistics for 1917 as compared with I9gI0 is that 
with the exception of Texas, the states which have shown 
the largest percentage of growth are those in which manu- 
facturing plays the most important part. An analysis of 
the distribution of population in Illinois, based upon occu- 
pations, and using the data based on total wage earners, 
presented in the I910 census, indicates that 19.65 per cent 
of the people of the State are engaged in agriculture, 
35.8 per cent in manufacturing and mining, 8.46 per cent 
in the transportation industries, 29.85 per cent in trade and 
in domestic and personal service, and 6.24 per cent in pro- 
fessional and public service. As the manufacturing, min- 
ing, transportation, and general business interests of the 
State develop, the percentage of persons engaged in these 
occupations will be increased. 

In view of the extent of the natural resources of the 
State, particularly its resources in fuel, of its enormous 
production of raw materials, of the excellence of its trans- 
portation facilities, and of the fact that it lies near the 
geographical center of the country, and that it is within 
a few miles of the center of population, it seems reasonable 
to predict that its industrial development will be rapid, 
and as has been previously indicated, that the apparent 
advantage possessed by those states along the seaboard 


20 -. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


will in a large measure be overcome. While itis to be hoped 
that war will never again convulse the world, yet as a 
measure of safety against invasion by a foreign foe, the 
Nation should do all that it can to stimulate the develop- 
ment of industries remote from the sea. 

While the future development of industry in the com- 
munity will depend very largely upon private initiative, 
all the people of the State are concerned imiter ae 
development and enduring prosperity. As the represen- 
tative of the people, the Legislature has large responsi- 
bilities in these developments, and it should encourage 
them by every means at its disposal. Education in gen- 
eral and technical education in particular are of funda- 
mental importance to the future success of the industrial 
and business interests of the State, and the proper support 
of the State’s educational institutions will represent a kind 
of investment which may be expected to yield large returns. 
The College of Engineering of the University of Illinois 
has been organized to train men in the engineering sci- 
ences and to contribute to the knowledge of such sciences 
through research. The people of Illinois should expect to 
have facilities for the education of their children which 
will compare with the facilities available elsewhere. The 
interests of this institution and those of the people of the 
State are mutual, for the institution is organized to serve 
the State. 


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between 
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21 


22 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLEGE OF 
ENGINEERING 


iE was only about fifty years ago that a really serious 

attempt to educate men for engineering and other jn- 
dustrial pursuits was undertaken in America. Although 
the organization of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 
1824 afforded an opportunity for instruction in civil engi- 
neering,— the only branch of the profession then recog- 
nized, except military engineering,— and at various later 
dates a number of educational institutions gave instruc- 
tion in the elements of mathematics, mechanics, and sci- 
ence underlying the art of the engineer, the real development 
of engineering education began less than fifty years ago as a 
result of the passage of the Land Grant College Act in 1862. 

When the University of Illinois was established in 
1867 as the Illinois Industrial University, agriculture and 
engineering were given special prominence in the institu- 
tion. Instruction in the rudiments of architecture, or per- 
haps more properly in architectural construction, in civil 
engineering and in mechanical engineering was given. 
During this early period a number of significant experi- 
ments in education were made, perhaps the most note- 
worthy of which was the introduction of shop work into 
the college curriculum. To the College of Engineering of 
the University of Illinois belongs the credit for this inno- 
vation as well as for others which have since been made 
in the development of its technical courses. 

Fifty years ago engineering was an art rather than a 
science, and as a consequence the work of the early tech- 
nical schools contained many courses of a practical nature, 
such as shop work, mechanical drawing, and surveying, 
while the courses in the fundamental sciences were exceed- 
ingly elementary in comparison with present-day standards. 


Student Eniollment in the 


College of Engineering 
1869-1918 


Sources: New sea Hi paiereny | of Illix 


CO YD & 23 OF G& 06 OF O08 OF fO H 
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ws 
oureirnr F2 93 P4¢ 85 9697 FB IP 


Student Enrolfment 


inthe University of Illinois 
1867-1918 
4. The whole University ( eage and Urbana). 


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0 &t GE 83 84 85 06 ET BS 89 90 A 92 39 96 OF 96 97 98 99 OO O/ COB OF OS OF OE OF OS O90 


23 


DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS 
FOR THE YEAR 1918-1919 


University of Ilinois 


Unclassified 1337 
Ceramics /3SSI_4 


Engineering 


Mechanical 
29.67% 


37 56% 
Electrical 
25.32 To 


Liberal Arts 
and Science 


38.24% 


BY COLLEGES IN THE 
UNIVERSITY AT ORBANA. 


BY DEPARTMENTS IN 
THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. 


Comparison of Student Enrollment in 
the Leading Engineering Colleges 


Cornell 


Mass.Inst.Technology MlW//6/+3/3=/494: 


Michigan 
ILLINOIS 

Purdue 
Penn.State College 
Cincinnati 
California 
Pennsylvania 
Carnegie Tech. 
Ohio State 
Wisconsin 
Rensselaer 
Georgia Tech. 

Iowa State College 
Minnesota 

Univ. of Washington 
Yale Sheffield 
Lehigh 

Armour Inst. Tech. 
Missouri 

Kansas 

Stevens Inst. 
Syracuse 


89/5704 0 =/570) 


3/4 7 / 54 =/468 
253 + 99 =/352. 
GB902 #/37=/039) 3 
S207 /25-5 PRET 
HEEE920 * O -9 20 ]RERRT EROS Senate 
785 1/05 = 89 Oe 
1B 501/05 - 85 Se) 
ERRN65 /+/32 =76 } ee) 

HERG G/ + 70 =75 / ee es) 

GING 4/ + 74=7/5S EE) 

GES 92+ 43-6 35 | 

W565 + 56-62/ Ae 


WBBS65 439-6051 a 
W552 + 52-6 04S) 


W495 + 64> 55O RE 2) 
GPS33 + 0 = 57; 
URS /77/07= 52 


Students in Curricu/ums 
not common to al/ 
/nstitutions. 


E3891 0-309 
MNPI64+ 0-364 
P33 4 +/0= 344) 


Department of the /nterior. 
Bureau of Education. 
Bulletin 1916, Chap.3, Cole. 


24 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION as 


During this period thé phenomenal progress in science and 
industry has imposed many new responsibilities upon the 
engineering colleges, necessitating many radical changes 
in their methods of instruction and many additions to 
their curriculums. These colleges have been prompt in 
their efforts to meet such changing conditions in the indus- 
trial life of the Nation, and they have exercised a profound 
influence on the development of science and industry in 
this country. 

The College of Engineering was the first of the colleges 
in the University of Illinois to secure any considerable 
enrolment of students, and it was the first to obtain a high 
standing in comparison with other institutions in the coun- 
try. As recently as 1895, the enrolment of undergraduate 
students in the College of Engineering was 311, while the 
whole University had an enrolment of only 573. Fifteen 
years later the enrolment of undergraduate students in 
the College of Engineering had reached 1,288, while the 
University had a total enrolment of 3,393. During this 
period the College of Engineering came to be recognized 
as one of the leaders among the technical schools of America 
in the strength of its faculty, in its facilities for instruction 
and in its enrolment of students. At the present time its 
enrolment of students is exceeded only at the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology, Cornell University, and the Uni- 
versity of Michigan. During recent years the average 
annual enrolment of students in the College has been 
approximately 1,200. Last year as a result of war-time 
conditions the maximum enrolment was reduced to 891. 
For the present year, largely as a result of the organization 
by the War Department of the Students’ Army Training 
Corps, the enrolment in the College has been increased to 
1,585. 

The College of Engineering now offers four-year curric- 


26 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


ulums in architecture, architectural engineering, ceramic — 
engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, me- 
chanical engineering, mining engineering, municipal and 
sanitary engineering, general engineering physics, railway 
civil engineering, railway electrical engineering, and railway 
mechanical engineering, each leading to the degree of 
Bachelor of Science; and it is organized into ten depart- 
ments, as follows: 


The Department of Architecture.— Instruction in archi- 
tectural construction and later in architectural design was 
given in the College of Engineering almost from its begin- 
ning. The organization of this department at a place 
remote from great works of art and of architecture, and the 
development of its work and facilities for instruction so 
they are comparable with the best in the world, has been a 
remarkable accomplishment. Because of the value and 
popularity of its work, the enrolment of students in the 
department before the war was exceeded in no other insti- 
tution in the world, and it attracted students from many 
states and from foreign countries. It is difficult to estimate 
the influence this department has exerted in creating a 
demand for the construction of safe, comfortable, con- 
venient, and artistic buildings in the State, but it has 
undoubtedly been large, for the graduates of the depart- 
ment are widely scattered, and each of them has left his 
impress upon the community in which he lives. 

The Department of Architecture has participated in 
many activities for the betterment of building conditions 
of the State. It was concerned with the passage of the law 
for the licensing of architects, and for more than twenty 
years it has had a representative on the Board of Exami- 
ners; it has advocated the construction of better and 
more artistic buildings throughout the State; and it has 


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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 29 


codperated in the solution of problems connected with civic 
improvements. In 1917, when a portion of the city of 
Mattoon was destroyed by a tornado, this department pre- 
pared drawings for the reconstruction of the devastated 
area. | 
The Department of Architecture administers two curric- 
ulums of study, one in architecture and the other in archi- 
tectural engineering. The former deals largely with prob- 
lems of architectural design, the latter with problems of 
engineering and architectural design and construction. 
The curriculum in architecture seeks to develop a correct 
appreciation for the artistic in building design, while the 
curriculum in architectural engineering seeks to train men 
to codperate with architects in the safe and economical 
construction of buildings and their proper equipment. 


The Department of Ceramic Engineering. — The crea- 
tion of the Department of Ceramic Engineering in 1905 
was authorized by the Legislature in response to demands 
from the Illinois Clay Workers’ Association for a depart- 
ment devoted to their interests, which would offer instruc- 
tion in the science of ceramics and undertake research of 
importance in the development of these industries in the 
State. 

This request for a highly specialized technical training 
was made by men who were thoroughly familiar with the 
industry and who possessed a broad vision of its impor- . 
tance and of the need for an adequate training of young 
men who would be called upon to take leadership in the 
development of the industry and of the clay resources of 
the State. These men realized the dependence of modern 
civilization upon the ceramic industry for the materials 
necessary in great industrial enterprises, in engineering 
projects and in the ordinary needs of life. Industrial 


BOP. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


expansion had made large demands upon the ceramic 
industries, which they were not fully prepared to meet. 
For centuries the craft had been shrouded in mystery, and 
the rule of thumb methods and great secrecy concerning 
processes prevailed. Since other industries had profited 
through the employment of technically trained men, it 
seemed evident that such training was fundamental to the 
future success of the clay-working interests. 

Ceramic engineering is concerned with the technology 
of the industries engaged in the manufacture of clay pro- 
ducts, glass, cement, lime, gypsum, enameled iron and 
similar products. The work of the department deals with 
the scientific principles underlying the ceramic industries, 
and it affords an opportunity for training in a field which is 
of growing importance in Illinois, and which will be greatly 
benefited through the utilization of trained engineers and 
of the knowledge resulting from scientific research. 

There are relatively few institutions which are organized 
to offer work in ceramic engineering. This department at 
the University of Illinois is probably the best equipped and 
best prepared to do important work in the instruction -of 
students and in the science of the subject of any educa- 
tional institution in the world. At the earliest possible 
date it should be permitted to add the necessary equip- 
ment and to offer additional courses of instruction in 
ceramic art and in the manufacture of cement and glass. 

- The department has rendered noteworthy service to 
the people of the State through codperation in the develop- 
ment of its clay and related mineral resources, through 
assistance in over-coming manufacturing difficulties and 
losses, through the design of an improved commercial kiln 
now extensively used, through the discovery of a method 
for the preliminary heat treatment of certain clays, which 
greatly reduces the losses resulting from their use, through 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION at 


its investigations relating to the composition of glass and 
of glazes, and through its graduates who are filling many 
positions of responsibility. 

An important feature of the educational work of the 
department, which has attracted wide and favorable atten- 
tion from men who are interested in the advancement of 
the ceramic industries, has been the Short Course in Ceramic 
Engineering. Practical men from Illinois and many other 
states have registered in this course, and they have greatly 
profited by the lectures given and by the demonstrations 
shown. 


The Depariment of Civil Engineering.—The work of the 
Department of Civil Engineering is of special importance 
to the people of Illinois, since the duties of the civil engineer 
have a direct bearing on the health, comfort and prosperity 
of the people of the commonwealth. The department has 
undertaken to stimulate the spirit of service in its students, 
and to develop in them a capacity for leadership which 
will enable them to occupy positions of responsibility in the 
community, and to direct and carry through undertakings 
of importance to the public welfare. While the curriculum 
in civil engineering includes the principles of the physical 
and mathematical sciences and their general application to 
engineering, it is arranged to permit the student to special- 
ize in one or more important divisions of work, such as 
highway engineering, drainage engineering and structural 
engineering. 

At the present time the State of Illinois is vitally 
interested in the development of its highways, and the 
people of the State have authorized the expenditure of 
£60,000,000 for the construction of hard roads. In the 
preparation of a comprehensive plan for highway improve- 
ments and in the supervision of construction work, it is 


32 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


important that the best available engineering advice be 
secured. Illinois is reputed to have the largest number of . 
miles of poor roads of any state in the Union, and conse- 
quently no subject should be of greater interest to the people 
of the State than that of highway improvement and the 
training of men to take leadership in this important branch 
of engineering. 

Next in importance to the development of a proper 
system of highways is the extension of the drainage systems 
of the State. In Illinois, with its vast areas of rich, pro- 
ductive soil, the drainage of the land presents many com- 
plicated and difficult problems involving a knowledge of 
soil physics, of engineering and of law. The solution of 
these important problems should not be intrusted to 
untrained men. Undoubtedly in the future there will be 
an increasing demand for men who have had proper educa- 
tional preparation for this work. 

Since the civil engineer is called upon to design a great 
variety of structures, such as bridges, viaducts, buildings 
and dams, structural engineering is recognized as one of 
the most important divisions of civil engineering. Its 
varied and spectacular contributions to the convenience 
and comfort of the people probably excite the greatest 
public interest of any work which the engineer is called 
upon to do. The department also gives some attention to 
the problems of irrigation and land reclamation, and to 
questions connected with the construction of public works, 
canals, hydraulic developments, etc. 

In addition to its regular work, the department has 
given a Short Course in Highway Engineering each winter 
during the past few years. This course is planned to meet 
the needs of highway superintendents and others who are 
concerned with the construction and maintenance of roads. 
On several occasions, the department has held a Drainage 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 33 


Conference for the discussion of the numerous important 
questions connected with the drainage and reclamation of 
land in Illinois. 


The Department of Electrical Engineering. —The Uni- 
versity of Illinois was one of the first institutions in the 
world to organize a department for the training of electrical 
engineers. This department was organized over twenty- 
five years ago when the rapid development in the appli- 
cations of electricity created a demand for specialists in 
this new field of engineering. Since its organization 656 
students have completed the requirements for graduation, 
and they are serving as consulting electrical engineers and 
are engaged in work with large electrical manufacturing 
corporations, with public utilities in various communities 
throughout the State, and as teachers in technical schools. 
The phenomenal development of electrical science, creating 
a demand for large numbers of experts, together with the 
spectacular and facinating nature of work in this field, has 
rendered the curriculum in electrical engineering an unus- 
ually attractive one to young men. 

The work of this department, in common with that 
of the other engineering departments, is founded upon the 
physical and mathematical sciences. It seeks to apply 
these sciences to the solution of the varied and complicated 
problems with which the electrical engineer has to deal in 
the generation and distribution of electrical energy by 
direct and alternating currents, the design of electrical 
machinery, the application of electricity and magnetism 
to the telegraph, the telephone and to wireless signaling, 
and in all the other marvelous applications of electrical 
energy. | 

In addition to its training of men for service in the 
electrical industries, the department has been particularly 


34 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


active in stimulating an interest in advanced graduate study 
and in scientific research. It has made numerous impor- 
tant contributions to the principles of electrical science. 


The Department of General Engineering Drawing.—The 
Department of General Engineering Drawing provides for 
the proper instruction of engineering students in the prin- 
ciples of mechanical drawing and descriptive geometry. 
Since all engineering students are required to take drafting 
and to become reasonably proficient in the art of mechan- 
ical drawing, the sign language of the engineer, it was con- 
sidered desirable that this fundamental subject be given 
by a department which is independent of the specialized 
departments of the College. 


Since the department is principally concerned with 
the instruction of freshman students in all the engineering 
curriculums, and is, therefore, the first point of contact 
between the new student and the College of Engineering, 
it has a large responsibility and a great opportunity to 
create enthusiasm in the minds of these new students for 
the work which the College is organized to promote. The 
value of mechanical drawing to the engineer is inestimable, 
for detailed drawings must be prepared in advance of all 
construction work. 


The Department of Mechanical Engineering.—Prior to 
the development of the steam engine and before machinery 
began to play an important part in the industrial and 
economic life of the people, civil engineering was the only 
branch of the profession which had been developed. The 
wonderful advances in invention and industry made dur- 
ing the nineteenth century, following the perfection and 
introduction of the steam engine, led to the need for a more 
specialized study of problems concerned with the produc- 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 35 


tion and application of power, and the creation of a new 
division of engineering, known as mechanical engineering. 
This branch of the profession is concerned primarily with 
the generation, transmission and utilization of power, and 
with the design, construction and operation of machinery 
of all kinds. The work of the mechanical engineer is funda- 
mental to all manufacturing processes, and consequently 
the opportunities open to the graduates of the department 
are of the most varied kind. It is impossible, therefore, to 
anticipate completely the future needs of its graduates, and 
to provide the infinite variety of specialized instruction 
which might prove useful to men who finally enter 
some particular manufacturing or other industrial enter- 
prise. The curriculum in Mechanical Engineering has been 
planned to give a thorough training in mathematics, physics, 
chemistry, thermodynamics, machine design, machine con- 
struction, steam and gas power engineering, the heating 
and ventilation of buildings, and in the application of these 
subjects to the general engineering and economic problems 
connected with the manufacturing industries. 

Its graduates have played an important part in the 
wtate in the design, erection, and management of power 
plants, in the manufacture of agricultural implements and 
a great variety of other machinery, and in the management 
of public utilities and other important industries. 


The Depariment of Mining Engineering.—Vhe Depart- 
ment of Mining Engineering was established as a result of 
a request for such a department presented to the Legislature 
by a committee representing the mine operators, the United 
Mine Workers, the State Mine Inspectors, and the manu- 
facturers of the State of Illinois. The act establishing the 
department provided “that in addition to offering such 
courses of instruction as will best train young men for 


36 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


efficient work in the various phases of mining industries, 
_ the department shall concern itself with the development 
and dissemination of scientific facts that will be of value 
to the mining industry and will conserve life and the 
resources of the State.” 


This department offers courses of instruction in the 
several branches of mining and metallurgical engineering. 
Because of the importance of coal mining in this State, the 
department has given particular attention to the mining, 
preparation, and storage of fuel, and it has rendered real 
assistance to the coal mining interests. An opportunity is 
offered for specialized instruction in all branches of mining 
work and in metallurgy. 


This department has codperated with the State through 
the Mining Investigations and Mine Rescue Commissions, 
and the establishment of a State Mine Rescue Service and 
Miners’ Institute can be traced directly to the establish- 
ment of this department at the University. Under a codp- 
erative agreement between the Engineering Experiment 
otation, the United States Bureau of Mines and the State 
Geological Survey, for an investigation of coal mining con- 
ditions in the State, the Department of Mining Engineer- 
ing has contributed very largely to the knowledge of the 
mining, preparation, and utilization of coal. ‘This infor- 
mation concerning mining conditions in Illinois has been 
rendered available to every one interested through the 
publications of the Engineering Experiment Station and 
of the other agencies which have participated in the inves- 
tigations. 


The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Engineer- 
ing.— Modern cities have developed numerous and com- 
plicated engineering requirements, among which are those 
concerned with the furnishing of an abundant and whole- 


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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 30 


some supply of potable water, distributed under pressure 
through pipes to every place where it is used; the construc- 
tion of wells, impounding reservoirs, lake intakes, and 
other means of developing this water supply, and of works 
for its purification; sewerage systems which will receive and 
convey to the point of disposal the liquid wastes of the 
city and provide means for the treatment of this sewage 
in localities where it is not permissible to discharge it 
directly into streams or lakes; the construction of pave- 
ments, walks, bridges, viaducts, and other features of city 
streets; the drainage of the surface to carry the runoff from 
rainfall and melting snow; and a variety of measures involv- 
ing sanitation and the public health. Our cities have been 
unable to construct public improvements commensurate 
with their growth, and from present indications their growth 
during the next decade will exceed that of the past. To 
bring city conditions up to standards in keeping with the 
growth of urban population, and the requirements of sani- 
tary science and proper civic pride will involve skill and 
foresight in planning and executing new public works. 
The Department of Municipal and Sanitary Eng1- 
neering aims to keep in touch with those developments in 
engineering which relate to civic and sanitary matters and 
to assist in solving the problems of city work. The curric- 
ulum in municipal and sanitary engineering affords instruc- 
tion in the design, construction, and operation of municipal 
public works and of other engineering work connected with 
hydraulic and sanitary engineering. It also includes the 
usual work in mathematics and science, in- surveying, 
structural materials and design, in the generation and 
transmission of power, and in the properties and bacter1- 
ology of water supply and sewage disposal. It can be 
seen that the work of the department is related to impor- 
tant interests of the many cities of the State, and that it 


40 - COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


may be expected to be increasingly important in the future. 

The importance of the work and the need for develop- 
ment in the many municipal problems warrant greater 
attention being given to the work of the department. An 
increase in the working staff 1s greatly needed, especially in 
lines of water purification, sewage disposal and hydraulic 
and sanitary construction. Attention should also be called 
to the need for opportunities and facilities to carry on 
experimental work relating to water purification, sewage 
treatment, the disposal of garbage and other features con- 
nected with the sanitation of cities. These are pressing 
questions in which most of the cities of the State should 
be interested. 

It seems proper to call attention to the important 
work which has been carried on at the University by the 
State Water Survey, now the Water Survey Division of the 
State Department of Education and Registration. This 
organization in its experimental and advisory work, reach- 
ing out to cities all over the State, has accomplished very 
much in maintaining proper standards of purity for water, 
in stimulating interest in sanitation and in the dissemination 
of information relating to sanitary science. Its research 
work has made valuable contributions to the knowledge of 
water and sewage. These activities have been very helpful 
to the University and especially to the students in municipal 
and sanitary engineering. 


The Department of Physics — A thorough knowledge 
of the science of physics is fundamental to the training of 
every engineer. He must be familiar with the laws of 
heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetism, and mechan- 
ics. Because of the importance of physics to the engineer, 
it is fortunate that the Department of Physics 1s a depart- 
ment of the College of Engineering, acting in full accord 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 4I 


with the other departments in their efforts to promote the 
highest type of engineering instruction and engineering and 
scientific research. 

While the principal function of the Department of 
Physics is to provide proper instruction for all engineering 
students, it administers a curriculum in general engineering 
physics, which, while similar to the other engineering curric- 
ulums, gives especial emphasis to the more advanced. work 
in physics, which is essential in all physical and engineering 
research. This curriculum was planned to prepare its 
graduates to become teachers of physics to engineering 
students, or to engage in physical research as applied to 
the industries of the country. Many of the large indus- 
trial corporations now maintain research laboratories with 
staffs of engineers, physicists, and chemists, whose whole 
time is devoted to the investigation of problems of vital 
interest to the industry. Not infrequently, however, these 
laboratories undertake research work in fields not directly 
connected with the principal interests of the company 
maintaining the laboratory. As the realization of the 
importance of scientific research and its application to 
industrial conditions becomes more widespread, there will 
be a large increase in the demand for men who have had 
training such as that provided by this curriculum. 


The Department of Physics is housed in a new and 
thoroughly modern fireproof building. It has facilities 
for instruction and for research in certain phases which are 
surpassed at no other institution in this country. In its 
work, this department has rendered a distinct service in 
the State through its training of teachers of this important 
science, and through its instruction of students in engi- 
neering, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, agriculture, 
and general science. In its research work, also, it is 
rendering a great service in developing scientific data. 


42 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


The Department of Theoretical and Applied. Mechanics.— 
All students in the College of Engineering are given instruc- 
tion in mechanics, the science which deals with the forces 
and deformations which must be considered in the design 
and construction of bridges, buildings, machines, and other 
engineering structures, and with the motions set up in 
machines. Mechanics is a fundamental study for all 
branches of engineering work which is essential in the solu- 
tion of problems connected with the strength of parts in 
the design, construction, and operation of every structure 
or machine. Instruction in mechanics includes a study of 
the laws of resistance of wood, iron, steel, concrete, and 
other materials of construction when loads are applied to 
the parts of structures and machines; it also includes a 
study of the experimental methods used in the materials 
testing laboratory for determining the properties of engi- 
neering materials, and a study of the standard tests and 
specifications which materials must meet to insure the 
safety of structural and machine parts. There has been a 
very great development in the art of testing materials of 
construction during recent years. 

The instruction in this department includes a study 
of hydraulics, which deals with the flow of water through 
pipes, canals, channels, and conduits, and the problems 
found in the development of water power. No problems 
of engineering touch the daily life of the people more closely 
than those of water supply and drainage, and a knowledge 
of the laws of hydraulics is fundamental in the consideration 
of such problems. 

Opportunities are also given for advanced work in the 
analytical treatment of the more difficult problems found 
in mechanics and in the analytical and experimental prob- 
lems connected with the properties and action of wood, 
- steel, and concrete construction. Investigations of engi- 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 43 


neering materials and of the action of structures are con- 
stantly made. Many important tests have been carried 
out in the Laboratory of Applied Mechanics. All this 
work is of immediate applicability to the construction and 
manufacturing activities of the people of the State. 

The demands upon the department are increasing 
rapidly. For the maintenance of proper standards in the 
college, it is essential that there be members on the staff 
who know in an authoritative way the practice and the 
requirements of engineers for the wide range of materials 
now used in the industries, and who are able to contribute 
to our knowledge on these matters. The great growth 
which has come with the developments in manufacturing 
and construction has brought about a necessity for speci- 
alized technical knowledge. There are many varieties of 
steel, such as carbon steel, vanadium steel, and tungsten 
steel, and there are special requirements for the steel used 
for particular purposes in the manufacture of automobiles, 
airplanes, locomotive and car parts, and a variety of other 
articles. The heat treatment of steel is an illustration of 
the many special topics. It is apparent that the tech- 
nology of the materials of engineering 1s an important 
field. In construction lines, the great development of con- 
crete and reinforced concrete, the use of fire-resisting 
materials and the fireproofing of buildings, and the use of | 
new forms of design in buildings and bridges have greatly 
increased the field of this work. The developments of the 
age have also extended to laboratory tests and testing, both 
in the field of engineering materials and in that of hydraulics. 
Larger equipment and better facilities are urgently needed. 
New problems are constantly arising which require new 
apparatus for their treatment. The technique of testing 
is becoming more and more important. 

An effort has been made to keep up with the develop- 


AA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


ments of the engineering world, and much has been accom- 
plished. It is evident, however, that there are opportunities 
and responsibilities which call for considerable expansion 
in experimental facilities and in the staff. It 1s felt that 
the addition of laboratory facilities and of new members 
to the laboratory and teaching staffs would be of advantage 
to the industrial and constructional interests of the State 
as well as to the students of the University. 


The Department of Railway Engineering.— Elsewhere — 
mention has been made of the importance of the trans- 
portation interests in Illinois, both as to the extent of the 
railways and the investments in such properties, and of the 
number of people who are directly concerned with the opera- 
tion of the railways of the State. Because of the importance 
of transportation in the development of the State and of the 
Nation, the College of Engineering has undertaken, through 
its Department of Railway Engineering, to give specialized 
instruction in the different branches of engineering science, 
which are closely related to this subject. To emphasize 
further the importance of the work in this field, the 
University has provided a School of Railway Engineering 
and Administration to codrdinate the work of the Depart- 
ment of Railway Engineering with that of the College of 
Commerce and Business Administration, which provides 
instruction in railway organization and administration. 

The Department of Railway Engineering administers 
three curriculums: one in railway civil engineering, one in 
railway electrical engineering and one in railway mechanical 
engineering. While these curriculums are not dissimilar 
from the regular curriculums in civil, electrical and mechan- 
ical engineering, respectively, they are planned to emphasize 
the problems connected with the design, construction, 
maintenance and operation of all kinds of railway equip- 


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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 47 


ments and structures. Thus, the curriculum in railway 
civil engineering deals with the questions of track location, 
with the design and construction of railway bridges and 
railway shops, and with the varied railway terminal facil- 
ities. The curriculum in railway electrical engineering 
provides for specialized instruction in the application of the 
general principles of electrical engineering to transportation. 
It deals with the design, construction and operation of 
electric locomotives and of electric railway cars, as well as 
with the other varied applications of electricity to this 
great industry. The curriculum in railway mechanical 
engineering deals with the design, construction, operation 
and maintenance of locomotives, cars and of other types of 
important mechanical equipment. 

The lecture rooms, drafting rooms and offices of 
this department occupy a portion of the Transportation 
Building. In addition it is provided with a Locomotive 
Testing Laboratory which is superior to any similar labor- 
atory in the world. As noted elsewhere, for its full and 
adequate development, its facilities need to be supple- 
mented by the erection of a Railway Electrical Laboratory. 

It is felt that the war has so thoroughly demonstrated 
the importance of transportation to the Nation that there 
will be an increasing number of students desiring the train- 
ing which this department offers. Through its training of 
students and its contributions to the knowledge of the 
scientific principles of the subject, this department is 
rendering a unique service to the State and to the country. 
No other educational institution is so well prepared to do 
effective service in this field as the University of Illinois. 


48 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


THE ALUMNI OF THE COLLEGE OF 
ENGINEERING 


See the principal function of the College of Engi- 
neering is the training of men for service in the engi- 
neering industries, the value of the institution to the State 
can best be gaged by the number of its graduates and by 
their achievements in the development of the technical 
interests of the commonwealth. While a majority of its 
alumni have become indentified with the industrial life of 
the State, the graduates of the College may be found in 
nearly every state of the Union and in a large number of 
foreign countries. The success they have achieved in their 
work is a fine testimony to the value of the training which 
they have received through the generosity of the State. 

Up to the present time 3,299 students have received 
the baccalaureate degree in engineering from this institu- 
tion. In 1914 a careful investigation showed that of the 
men who had graduated prior to that time, nearly eighty 
per cent were engaged in pursuits for which their training 
directly qualified them. Of the remainder, a considerable 
number were engaged in some business in which their 
engineering training was of distinct value. It is probable 
that few institutions in the country can show a like record, 
and it affords a striking proof of the practical value of the 
work done in the College and of the influence of this work 
in shaping the lives of its graduates. The influence of 
these men upon the communities in which they live is 
difficult to estimate. It may be safely asserted, however, 
that they have played an important part in advancing the 
business, industrial and political life of the people. 

The graduates of this College are found in the list of ~ 
employees and executives of many engineering and manu- 


Graduates of the College 
of Engineering, 1872-1918 


Source: Records in Dean's Office. 


a 


200 


| 
190 tht 
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- UGG SSEPRAE SERS RRR RRERERER 
me ee a ba 
CHEECH EEE HEHEHE 
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“ae 


i L 
J2 73 74 T§ J6 77 78 79 80 8 G2 83 KH 8S 86 OF 88 FI 9O Di BB IF 9¢ BS FX 97 986.99 CO O/ G2 G3 OF OF O56 7 OG O9 to Ht tz *13:;14¢:«IS:~;16-~ 17 «18 


Graduates GPE 
ofthe University of Illinois (---- 
Sails 1872-1918 PERE ECCCCCLLE EE AL 


s 1. ‘The whole Uni ity (Chie d Urbana). ; 
ot Lee 8 Be Uinta U Sonarbagne eer LTT TT AE 


ource: 5 
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| an QV 
Retr datber tit 4 


Pee 
SURSAISREE ENE 


J2 139 14 7S JET? 7879 80 Gl 82 83 St 8S 86 81 8B 89 90 91 SE 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1900 Ol 02 03 OF OF 06 07 08.0910 Ht I 13 14 1§ 16 17 18 


49 


Distribution of Graduates and Former Students of 
the College of Engineering. 


Sy £6 af i fare 
“eg nee aes 
Pas WON Tang ia 


ones 


f ~~ 


/ mu lz 
vs 
? a) 50. DAKOTA 
Pan) 


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Se F186 | 58 | ome 
ot zines py | 


ey hae! a 
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18 ee ee 4 
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18 | ree i 3 
| 


a NO. 


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Aas re eee 


Alaska o-3 
Canal Zone 5-6 
Hawaii 6-/2 
Phillippine Is. 9-1/3 
Porto Rico Sis 


Foreign Countries 84-255 \ Graduates thus - 112 
; former Students -— //2 


- DISTRIBUTION: OF -ENGINEERING - GRADUATES-IN: 
‘BUSINESS: AND: PROFESSIONAL: OCCUPATIONS: 


Co. Employees 290 
Archtts.4 Arch. Engrs. 260 
Civil Engineers 243 
Co. Officials 234 
Engrg. Teachers 19) 
Electrical Engineers 162 
Mechanical Engineers 142 
Salesmen, Engr Products 121 
RRand Traffic 119 
Draftsmen 100 
Non Engrg. Lines 67 
Pub.Service Officials 62 
Contractors 61 
Public Service 
Mantifacturers 
Construction Engrg. 
Consulting Engrs. 

Govt Engineers 

Students , Post Grad. 

Mining Engineers 
Municipal Engrs. 
Designers. Mach.ete. 

Engrg. Journalists 

Efficiency Engrs 
Accountants 

Patent Lawyers 

Ceramic Engrs. 

Estimators 

Statisticians 


Based on the Records from 2453 Graduates 
of the College of pngial ee ae 
Alumni Directory, 
1916 


5° 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 51 


facturing corporations, and many of them are practising 
their profession as architects and as consulting engineers. 
Many of the important engineering structures of the 
country, such as bridges, viaducts and buildings have been 
designed and constructed by these men. Many new 
machines and processes for increasing the efficiency of 
human labor have been perfected by them, and they have 
played an important part in the development and con- 
struction of public works of all descriptions. 

The College of Engineering points with special pride 
to the achievements of its graduates during the war. Up 
to August 9, 1918, incomplete records showed that at that 
time not less than 459 graduates of the College were in the 
Army, and that many of these men were charged with 
responsibilities of the utmost importance. Thus, a group 
of Illinois men was largely instrumental in carrying through 
successfully the construction of the National Army Canton- 
ments; others were prominently identified with the develop- 
ment of reinforced concrete ships; and many were rendering 
efficient service as officers in the various technical branches 
of the Army. Without doubt nearly every graduate of 
the College has contributed his best efforts to the successful 
prosecution of the war, either in the Army, or in the indus- 
tries which were engaged in war work. In this connection, 
it is interesting to note that in addition to the large number 
of graduates who entered the Army or Navy, nearly 700 
undergraduate students in the College of Engineering with- 
drew for military service, and that many former students, 
who did not graduate, have rendered effective service in the 
prosecution of the war. 

For more than five years prior to 1918, the College of 
Engineering graduated approximately 200 men each year. 
In 1918, as aresult of the war, the number in the graduating 
class was reduced to 118. From present indications, it 


52 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


seems unlikely that the College will graduate more than 
75 students at the close of the present academe yg. a 
With the return of its former students from the Army and 
Navy, and with the increased interest in technical educa- 
tion, which will inevitably follow the war, 1t may be expected 
that the number of graduates each year will soon be in 
excess of the largest number which Soper received 
degrees in any one year. 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 53 


THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 


lf ee Engineering Experiment Station of the University 

of Illinois was established by an act of the Board of 
Trustees on December 8, 1903. This Station was organ- 
ized to stimulate and to elevate engineering education, to 
study problems of special importance to professional en- 
gineers and to the manufacturing, railway, mining and 
other industrial interests of the State and of the country, 
and to render available the knowledge thus obtained 
through the publication of bulletins presenting the results 
of original research, and of circulars containing compila- 
tions of important information not readily accessible to 
the interests to be served. 

The control of the Engineering Experiment Station is 
vested in an Executive Staff composed of the Director and 
his Assistant and the Heads of the several departments of 
the College of Engineering. The Executive Staff is charged 
with the responsibility of outlining the general policies for 
the control of the Station and for the character and extent 
of investigations to be undertaken, but the Head of each 
department is largely responsible for the research work 
carried on in his department. ‘The Executive Staff is also 
responsible for the determination of the acceptablility of 
material presented for publication, and the results of every 
investigation are carefully scrutinized before their publica- 
tion is authorized. 

Research work may be conducted by any member of 
the staff of instruction of the College of Engineering and of 
the Department of Chemistry, and every effort is made to 
stimulate a spirit of scientific research in the teaching staff. 
The greater portion of the research work of the Station is, 
however, carried on by the Research Corps, which includes a 


54 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


number of full-time investigators and a group of Research 
Graduate Assistants who devote half of their time to the 
research work of the Station, and the other half to graduate — 
study in engineering. From time to time, as conditions 
may require, special investigators are employed for a limited 
period to devote their attention to the investigation of a 
specific problem. At the present time the Station main- 
tains fourteen Research Graduate Assistantships, and 
two similar Assistantships in Gas Engineering have been 
established under the patronage of the Illinois Gas 
Association. 

The Engineering Experiment Station of the University 
of Illinois was the first of its kind to be organized, and it 
has come to be recognized as one of the most active agencies 
in existence for the extension of knowledge of engineering 
science. It has served as a model for other similar stations 
established in various institutions in this country. Before 
the organization of the Station at the University of Illinois, 
efforts were made to secure federal support for engineering 
experiment stations to be established in the various states 
under conditions similar to those provided in the act 
authorizing the establishment of agricultural experiment 
stations. These early attempts to secure federal support 
for engineering experiment stations were unavailing. A 
bill for the establishment and maintenance of such stations 
is now pending before Congress and there is a possibility 
that the Government may provide funds for the conduct 
of engineering research which will supplement those pro- 
vided by the several states. 

The Engineering Experiment Station is simply an 
organization within the College of Engineering, created to 
emphasize research and to provide an agency for the pub- 
lication of the results of such work. While a particular 
investigation may involve the purchase or construction of 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 55 


special apparatus for the purpose, the principal work of 
the Station is conducted with the facilities provided by 
the College for the instruction of students. Thus, most of 
the scientific work in engineering is carried on in the same 
laboratories which are used for instruction, and, as a con- 
sequence, there is a stimulus to the student who realizes 
that he is working side by side with men who are devoting 
their best efforts to the extension of knowledge of the scien- 
tific principles of engineering. 

In addition to the work of the Station already outlined, 
the members of the staff are called upon to answer inquiries 
and to furnish information concerning various engineering 
problems, and, occasionally, to conduct commercial tests 
of interest only to the individual or company requesting 
such tests, for which a charge is made to cover the expense 
involved. Normally, the Station will not undertake com- 
mercial testing except in cases where there are no other 
agencies in the State with facilities for conducting such tests. 

Up to the present time the Engineering Experiment 
Station has published 110 bulletins and 8 circulars. All 
of these publications are valuable, and some of them 
present the results of investigations of the greatest impor- 
tance, which may be regarded as real contributions to engt- 
neering science. 

Probably none of the contributions of the Station have 
been more important or more highly regarded than those 
which have dealt with the strength and properties of engi- 
neering materials and of structures. For many years the 
Station has carried on a great variety of investigations in 
the field of reinforced concrete. This institution was a 
pioneer in this field of investigation, and the results of the 
work which has been completed, comprising a notable 
series of bulletins, has been of tremendous assistance to 
the engineering interests of the world, in connection with 


56 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


the design of reinforced concrete structures. It is inter- ~ 
esting to note that as a result of the prestige enjoyed by the 
Station on account of these investigations, graduates and 
former members of the Research Corps of the Station, who 
were interested in this subject, have played a very impor- 
tant part in the development of reinforced concrete ships 
under the direction of the Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
In the series of bulletins devoted to reinforced concrete, 
mention should be made of those which present important 
information concerning the behavior of beams, the bond 
between concrete and steel, the characteristics of concrete 
columns with different systems of reinforcements, the use 
of reinforced concrete culvert pipe, the behavior of rein- 
forced concrete flat slabs and of rigidly connected reinforced 
concrete frames, and the results of tests on numerous 
reinforced concrete buildings to determine the stresses 
under actual loads compared with those originally com- 
puted. In addition to the publications devoted to rein- 
forced concrete, there are several dealing with certain prop- 
erties of crushed stone and with the mortar-making qualities 
of Illinois sand. 

The Station has also contributed a number of important 
bulletins dealing with the strength of materials. Thus, 
the bulletin on the strength of chain links, which involved 
an analytical as well as an experimental investigation, has 
, come to be recognized as authoritative, and the methods 
for the design of chains therein recommended are now in: 
general use. Investigations of built-up columns, of I-beams, 
of plate girders, of the effects of repeated stress on the 
strength of metals, and of the strength and stiffness of 
steel under biaxial loading may be mentioned as real addi- 
tions to the knowledge of materials and structures. One 
of the most interesting of the recent experiments conducted 
in the Station involved the construction of a microscopic 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 57 


moving-picture showing the gradual breaking down of the 
structure of soft iron when subjected to repeated stresses. 
This unique accomplishment has attracted wide interest 
among engineers and metallurgists, and it has been sug- 
gested that it may lead to a clearer understanding of the — 
behavior of metals when subjected to stresses such as occur 
in a majority of structures. 

One of the most noteworthy investigations of materials 
has dealt with their magnetic properties as well as their 
strength. Ina series of bulletins, there has been described 
a new process for the production of iron and iron alloys 
melted in a vacuum and possessing electrical properties 
superior to those of iron produced in other ways. The 
investigation has included tests of a considerable variety 
of the iron alloys, to determine the adaptability of such 
materials in the construction of electrical machinery. As 
a result of these investigations, alloys have been produced 
on a laboratory scale which have a permeability over five 
times that possessed by the iron usually employed in the 
manufacture of electric generators and transformers. It 
is conceivable that the process for the production of these 
iron alloys, which has been developed in the laboratories 
of the Engineering Experiment Station, may lead to the 
creation of an important industry, for if the process can 
be developed on a commercial scale, rendering the material 
readily available for the manufacture of electrical machin- 
ery, a great saving in the cost of the construction of such 
machinery may be effected, since the weight of metal 
required in such machinery 1s a function of the permeability. 

Various other studies of alloys possessing remarkable 
qualities have been made by the Engineering Experiment 
Station and in the Department of Chemistry. One of these 
alloys, an alloy of nickel, possessing remarkable acid resist- 
ing qualities, has been named “‘Illium’”’ in honor of the State. 


58 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


Among the most noteworthy contributions of the 
Engineering Experiment Station are those devoted to the 
study of fuel, including the mining and preparation of 
coal, its storage, weathering, spontaneous combustion, and 
economical use. As a result of certain studies connected 
with the low temperature distillation of coal, a new process 
for the manufacture of coke has been discovered, which, 
if it can be perfected on a commercial scale, may develop 
a new industry and replace the methods now employed in 
the coking of coal. This process effects a great reduction 
in the time required to produce coke, and it renders possible 
the recovery of by-products which are of greater value than 
those obtained in the usual processes now employed. If 
this process finally becomes commercially successful, the 
importance of the discovery to the industries of America 
will far outweigh the investment which the State of 
Illinois has made in the University from its beginning. 

In steam engineering some important work has been 
done in connection with studies of boiler performance and 
economy and of methods of burning Illinois coal without 
smoke. Many investigations connected with the genera- 
tion of power have been made, and the bulletin which deals 
with the new analysis of the cylinder performance of recip- 
rocating engines represents one of the most important 
contributions to the science of steam engineering which 
has ever been made in America. 

An important analytical investigation dealing with the 
properties of saturated and superheated ammonia vapor 
and the tables computed from the formulas developed by 
the application of the principles of thermodynamics to the 
experimental data collected from various sources have 
been of the utmost importance in the field of mechanical 
refrigeration, for these tables have enabled refrigerating 
engineers to make calculations concerning mechanical 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 59 


refrigeration with greater accuracy than has been heretofore 
possible. A similar investigation concerning the prop- 
erties of saturated and superheated steam ranks as one of 
the most important investigations in this field. Based 
upon the work of this investigation, there has been com- 
puted a set of so-called steam tables which are now in 
general use in English-speaking countries as a basis for 
computations connected with the design and performance 
of steam engineering equipment of all kinds. 

One of the most interesting studies presented by the 
Station has been that made in connection with an effort 
to correct the acoustical defects of the University Audi- 
torium. After a most elaborate and painstaking investti- 
gation, this building has, by rather inexpensive methods, 
been made very nearly perfect from the standpoint of its 
acoustics. At the same time the investigation has devel- 
oped methods for the design of buildings which, if followed, 
will prevent the construction of buildings in which echoes 
and reverberations produce serious interference with their 
use. 

The Engineering Experiment Station has long been 
regarded as a leader in the extension of knowledge of 
Railway Engineering. Many notable contributions in this 
field have already been made. Bulletins dealing with 
the tractive resistance of freight and passenger trains and 
of electric cars are employed by many of the railroads as a 
basis for making up tonnage ratings in the make-up of 
trains and for the maintenance of proper train schedules. 
several important investigations connected with loco- 
motive performance, dealing particularly with fuel economy 
in locomotives, have been made, and they have proved to 
be of value to the railroads of the country in the preparation 
of specifications for fuel. 

A number of bulletins present the results of interesting 


60 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


and important investigations of the laws of hydraulics 
which suggest methods for securing accuracy in the measure- 
ment of the flow of water through pipes and in other ways. 
During the past year the Station has issued a series 
of notable circulars in an effort to codperate with the 
Government in the dissemination of information concern- 
ing the economical use of fuel. One of these circulars dis- 
cusses problems connected with the economical use of fuel 
in heating homes; another deals with the use of fuel in 
stationary hand-fired power plants; a third is devoted to a 
study of the economical use of fuel in railway locomotives, 
and a fourth presents in great detail an investigation of the 
storage of coal. These circulars have been widely dis- 
tributed, and they have been of great use in the campaign 
for fuel conservation. The Fuel Conservation Section of 
the United States Railroad Administration has urged its 
Regional Directors to order copies of the circular dealing 
with the use of fuel in railway locomotives, to be supplied 
to all persons in their employ who have anything to do 
with the use of fuel. | 
While in general it has been the policy of the Station 
to publish bulletins presenting the results of original inves- 
tigations, it may from time to time present circulars of 
information compiled from various sources, in.an effort 
to supply information of great importance to the people 
of the State or of the Nation. The circulars dealing with 
the economical use of fuel are representative of a kind of 
service which the Station may render in an emergency. 
The conduct of engineering research involves great 
expense. Many investigations may need to be carried 
through a period of years before results of significance are 
obtained. The cost of apparatus and materials and the 
expense for the salaries of investigators are large. As a 
consequence, due to the limited budget available for the 


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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 63 


various activities of the Station, many of the investigations 
so far undertaken have been selected because they could 
be completed without involving the expenditure of large 
sums of money. Many of the most important subjects 
in which engineers are interested would involve expenditures 
which are at present far beyond the ability of the Station 
or the University to meet, however important the results 
obtained may be. Unquestionably, there must be devel- 
oped some plan under which the State will subsidize indus- 
trial research so that no matter how expensive a particular 
investigation may be, funds will be available, provided. 
that it seems reasonably certain that the investigation is 
one which should be undertaken in the interests of the 
people and of the engineering industries. 

_ The prestige of the Engineering Experiment Station 
of the University of Illinois has led to a number of requests 
for engineering research to be conducted in codperation 
with industries or groups of industries interested in the 
solution of important problems. A number of codperative 
investigations are already in progress or have been com- 
pleted under arrangements which provide that the Station 
will assume the general supervision of the work, furnish 
such apparatus as it may have at its disposal, and publish 
the results obtained, while the codperating agent furnishes 
the funds for special investigators, materials, and unusual 
apparatus. 

An investigation on stresses in railway track has been 
in progress for several years under a codperative arrange- 
ment between the Engineering Experiment Station, the 
American Society of Civil Engineers, and the American 
Railway Engineering Association. The data so far obtained 
from this investigation seem to indicate that the results 
will be of the utmost value in extending our knowledge of 
track construction and maintenance. 


64 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


Mention has already been made of the recently dis- 
covered process for the coking of coal. This investigation 
was first undertaken by the Engineering Experiment Sta- 
tion. After it had progressed to a point which indicated 
that the process had important possibilities, an investi- 
gation of the process was undertaken on a very much larger 
scale in codperation with .A. T. Hert, president on sae 
American Creosoting Company, who furnished a large sum 
of money to permit the Station to continue its work. 

For several years the Station has been conducting an 
investigation to determine the stresses in chilled car wheels, 
undertaken in codperation with the Association of Manu- 
facturers of Chilled Car Wheels, to determine the charac- 
teristics of such wheels, with a view to their redesign and 
to a reduction in their failures in use. 

During the past year the Station has conducted a 
number of significant investigations in codperation with 
various government bureaus. In the main the results of 
these investigations have been regarded as secret because 
they were undertaken to determine the solution of prob- 
lems of interest in the prosecution of the war. Im this 
connection it is interesting to note that as a result of tests 
made in the laboratories of the College of Engineering, cer- 
tain questions connected with the selection of heating sys- 
tems for the National Army Cantonments were settled. 
Other investigations connected with the properties of 
materials, with the detection of submarines, with the 
recovery of pyrite which is largely employed in the manu- 
facture of sulphuric acid, and with the development of 
optical glass have been in progress and some of them have 
been completed. 

Recently the National Warm Air Heating and Ven-. 
tilating Association, representing some four hundred manu- 
facturers of warm air furnaces, provided ‘the Engineering 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 65 


Experiment Station with a large sum of money, to be 
expended in an elaborate investigation of warm air furnaces 
and furnace heating. This fund was provided solely for 
scientific research in an effort to advance our knowledge of 
the art of warm air furnace heating, and in the expectation 
that improvements in the rating and design of such 
apparatus would result. 

On several occasions the Station has undertaken and 
completed important investigations of locomotive perform- 
ance and of train resistance in codperation with various 
railroads of the country. With our magnificent Locomotive 
Laboratory, it has long been hoped that a plan for a con- 
sistent series of investigations of locomotive performance 
may ultimately be worked out in codperation with the rail- 
roads which will be chiefly benefited by the results obtained. 

For a considerable number of years the Engineering 
- Experiment Station, in codperation with the State Geo- 
logical Survey and the United States Bureau of Mines, 
has investigated problems of importance to the coal mining 
interests of Illinois. At the present time these three 
agencies, in codperation with representatives from the 
Illinois Gas Association, have undertaken an investigation 
to determine the adaptability of Illinois coal in the manu- 
facture of illuminating gas. As a result of restrictions 
imposed by the United States Fuel Administration, the 
gas manufacturers of the Central West have found diff- 
culty in securing their usual supply of eastern gas coal. 
Numerous problems of.importance in connection with 
the adaptation of Illinois coal to this purpose have had to 
be met, and the agencies mentioned are undertaking the 
solution of these problems in the interests of the manu- 
facturers of Illinois and adjoining states. 

Emphasis should be laid upon the fact that the Eng1- 
neering Experiment Station has been created for the extension 


66 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


of our knowledge of the science of engineering for the bene- 
fit of allthe people. It has never been used as a medium to 
exploit inventions or to advance the interest of individuals. 
In its codperative investigations, the results of these investi- 
gations are given freely to the public, even though the 
expense thereof has been borne by a single individual or 
“corporation, or by an association of industries. The 
importance of industrial research cannot be overempha- 
sized. The future success of the industries of Illinois and of 
the Nation depends upon a complete understanding of the 
scientific principles involved. This will result in true con- 
servation; that is, in the elimination of waste and in in- 
creased efficiency in all the important industries. 

The following list includes all the circulars and bulletins 
published by the Engineering Experiment Station up to the 
present time. 


PUBLICATIONS OF 
THE ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 


——— 


CIRCULARS 


1. High-Speed Tool Steels, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1905. None available. 

2. Drainage of Earth Roads, by Ira O. Baker. 1906. None available. 

3. Fuel Tests with Illinois Coal (Compiled from tests made by the Technological 
Branch of the U. S. G. S., at St. Louis, Mo., Fuel Testing Plant. 1904- 
1907), by L. P. Breckenridge and Paul Diserens. 1908. Thirty cents. 

4. The Economical Purchase and Use of Coal for Heating Homes with Special 
Reference to Conditions in Illinois. 1917. Ten cents. 

5.. The Utilization of Pyrite Occurring in Illinois Bituminous Coal, by E. A. 
Holbrook. 1917. Free upon request. 

6. The Storage of Bituminous Coal, by H. H. Stoek. 1918. Forty cents. 

7. Fuel Economy in the Operation of Hand Fired Power Plants. 1918. Twenty 
cents. 

8. The Economical Use of Coal in Railway Locomotives. 1918. Twenty cents. 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 67 


BULLETINS 


Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1904. None 
available. 

Tests of High-Speed Tool Steels on Cast Iron, by L. P. Breckenridge and 
Henry B. Dirks. 1905. None available. 

The Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, by L. P. 
Breckenridge. 1906. None available. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1905, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1906. Forty-five cents. 

Resistance of Tubes to Collapse, by Albert P. Carman and M. L. Carr. 1906. 
None available. 

Holding Power of Railroad Spikes, by Roy I. Webber. 1906. None available. 

Fuel Tests with Illinois Coals, by L. P. Breckenridge, S. W. Parr, and Henry B. 
Dirks. 1906. None available. 

Tests of Concrete: I, Shear; II, Bond, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1906. None 
avatlable. 

An Extension of the Dewey Decimal System of Classification Applied to the 
Engineering Industries, by L. P. Breckenridge and G. A. Goodenough. 
1906. Rev. Ed. 1912. Fifty cents. 

Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1906, by Arthur 
N. Talbot. 1907. None available. 

Effect of Scale on the Transmission of Heat through Locomotive Boiler Tubes, 
by Edward C. Schmidt and John M. Snodgrass. 1907. None available. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1907. None available. 

An Extension of the Dewey System of Classification Applied to Architecture 
and Building, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1907. None available. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Series of 1906, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1907. None available. 

How to Burn Illinois Coal without Smoke, by L. P. Breckenridge. 1907. 
None available. 

A Study of Roof Trusses, by N. Clifford Ricker. 1907. None available. 

The Weathering of Coal, by S. W. Parr and N. D. Hamilton. 1907. None 
available. 

The Strength of Chain Links, by G. A. Goodenough and L. E. Moore. 1907. 
Forty cents. 

Comparative Tests of Carbon, Metallized Carbon, and Tantalum Filament 
Lamps, by T. H. Amrine. 1907. None available. 

Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Columns, Series of 1907, by Arthur 
N. Talbot. 1907. None available. 

Tests of a Liquid Air Plant, by C. S. Hudson and C. M. Garland. 1908. 
Fifteen cents. 

Tests of Cast Iron and Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1908. None available. 

Voids, Settlement and Weight of Crushed Stone, by Ira O. Baker. 1908. 
Fifteen cents. 


68 
24. 


25, 


26. 


Pap 
28. 
29. 
30. 
aie 
a2. 


B3: 
34. 


35: 
36. 
37: 
38. 
39. 
40. 


AI. 
42. 


43. 
44. 


45: 
46. 
47. 


48. 


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


The Modification of Illinois Coal by Low Temperature Distillation, by S. W. 
Parr and C. K. Francis. 1908. Free upon request. 

Lighting Country Homes by Private Electric Plants, by T. H. Amrine. 1908. 
Twenty cents. 

High Steam-Pressures in Locomotive Service (A Review of a Report to the 
Carnegie Institution of Washington), by W. F. M. Goss. 1908. TJTwenty- 
five cents. 

Tests of Brick Columns and Terra Cotta Block Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot 
and Duff A. Abrams. 1908. Twenty-five cents. 

A Test of Three Large Reinforced Concrete Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1908. Fifteen cents. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete Beams: Resistance to Web Stresses, Series of 
1907 and 1908, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1909. Forty-five cents. 

On the Rate of Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Gas Producers, by J. K. 
Clement, L. H. Adams, and C. N. Haskins. 1909. Free upon request. 

Fuel Tests with House-Heating Boilers, by J. M. Snodgrass. 1909. Free 
upon request. 

The Occluded Gases in Coal, by S. W. Parr and Perry Barker. 1909. Fifteen 
cents. 

Tests of Tungsten Lamps, by T. H. Amrineand A. Guell. 1909. Twenty cents. 

Tests of Two Types of Tile-Roof Furnaces under a Water-Tube Boiler, by 
J. M. Snodgrass. 1909. Free upon request. 

A Study of Base and Bearing Plates for Columns and Beams, by N. Clifford 
Ricker. 1909. Twenty cents. 

The Thermal Conductivity of Fire-Clay at High Temperatures, by J. K. 
Clement and W. L. Egy. 1909. Twenty cents. 

Unit Coal and the Composition of Coal Ash, by S. W. Parr and W. F. Wheeler. 
1909. None available. 

The Weathering of Coal, Series of 1909, by S. W. Parr and W. F. Wheeler. 
1909. Free upon request. 

Tests of Washed Grades of Illinois Coal, by C. S. McGovney. 1909. Free 
upon request. 

A Study in Heat Transmission, by J. K. Clement and C. M. Garland. 1909. 
Ten cents. 

Tests of Timber Beams, by Arthur N. Talbot. 1909. Thirty-five cents. 

The Effect of Keyways on the Strength of Shafts, by Herbert F. Moore. 1909. 
Free upon request. 

Freight. Train Resistance, by Edward C. Schmidt. 1910. Seventy-five cents. 

An Investigation of Built-up Columns under Load, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
Herbert F. Moore. i910. Thirty-fwe cents. 

The Strength of Oxyacetylene Welds in Steel, by Herbert L. Whiten 
1910. Free upon request. 

The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal, by S. W. Parr and F. W. Kressman. 
1910. Free upon request. 

Magnetic Properties of Heusler Alloys, by Edward B. Stephenson. 1910. 
Free upon request. 

Resistance to Flow through Locomotive Water Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot 
and Melvin L. Enger. 1911. Free upon request. 3 


49. 
50. 


51. 
52. 


53. 
54- 
55: 


56. 


57: 


| 58. 
59: 
60. 
61. 
62. 
63. 
64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 


68. 


69. 
70. 


ars 


723 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 69 


Tests of Nickel-Steel Riveted Joints, by Arthur N. Talbot and Herbert F. 
Moore. 1911. Free upon request. . 

Tests of a Suction Gas Producer, by C. M. Garland and A. P. Kratz. IgI1. 
Free upon request. 

Street Lighting, by J. M. Bryant and H. G. Hake. iIg11. Thirty-five cents. 

An Investigation of the Strength of Rolled Zinc, by Herbert F. Moore. 1IgI1. 
Free upon request. 

Inductance of Coils, by Morgan Brooks and H. M. Turner. 1912. Free 
upon request. 

Mechanical Stresses in Transmission Lines, by A. Guell. 1912. Free upon 
request. 

Starting Currents of Transformers, with Special Reference to Transformers 
with Silicon Steel Cores, by Trygve D. Yensen. 1912. Free upon request. 

Test of Columns: An Investigation of the Value of Concrete as Reinforcement 
for Structural Steel Columns, by Arthur N. Talbot and Arthur R. Lord. 
1912. Free upon request. 

Superheated Steam in Locomotive Service (A Review of Publication No. 127 
of the Carnegie Institution of Washington), by W. F. M. Goss. 1912. 
Free upon request. 

A New Analysis of the Cylinder Performance of Reciprocating Engines, by 
J. Paul Clayton. 1912. Free upon request. 

The Effects of Cold Weather upon Train Resistance and Tonnage Rating, by 
Edward C. Schmidt and F. W. Marquis. 1912. Free upon request. 
The Coking of Coal at Low Temperatures (With a Preliminary Study of the 

By-Products), by S. W. Parrand H.L. Olin. 1912. Twenty-five cents. 

Characteristics and Limitations of the Series Transformer, by A. R. Anderson 
and H. R. Woodrow. 1912. Free upon request. 

The Electron Theory of Magnetism, by Elmer H. Williams. 1912. Thirty- 
five cents. 

Entropy-Temperature and Transmission Diagrams for Air, by C. R. Richards. 
1913. Twenty-five cents. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete Buildings under Load, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
Willis A. Slater. 1913. Free upon request. 

The Steam Consumption of Locomotive Engines from the Indicator Diagrams, 
by J. Paul Clayton. 1913. Free upon request. 

The Properties of Saturated and Superheated Ammonia Vapor, by G. A. Good- 
enough and Wm. Earl Mosher. 1913. Fuzfty cents. 

Reinforced Concrete Wall Footings and Column Footings, by Arthur N. Talbot. 
1913. Fifty cents. 

The Strength of I-Beams in Flexure, by Herbert F. Moore. 1913. Twenty 
cents. 

Coal Washing in Illinois, by F. C. Lincoln. 1913. Fifty cents. 

The Mortar-Making Qualities of Illinois Sands, by C. C. Wiley. 1913. 
Twenty cents. 

Tests of Bond between Concrete and Steel, by D. A. Abrams. 1913. One 
dollar. 

Magnetic and Other Properties of Electrolytic Iron Melted in Vacuo, by 
Trygve D. Yensen. 1914. Free upon request. 


70 


73: 
74. 


75: 
76. 


77° 
78. 
79- 
80. 
81. 
32. 
83. 
84. 
85. 
86. 
OF 
88. 
89. 
go. 
gi. 
92. 
93- 
94. 
95: 
96. 


97. 


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


Acoustics of Auditoriums, by F. R. Watson. 1914. Twenty cents. 

The Tractive Resistance of a 28-ton Electric Car, by Harold H. Dunn. 1914. 
Free upon request. 

Thermal Properties of Steam, by G. A. Goodenough. 1914. Thirty-five cents. 

The Analysis of Coal with Phenol as a Solvent, by S. W. Parr and H. F. Hadley. 
1914. Twenty-five cents. 

The Effect of Boron upon the Magnetic and Other Properties of Electrolytic 
Iron Melted in Vacuo, by Trygve D. Yensen. 1915. Free upon request. 

A Study of Boiler Losses, by A. P. Kratz. 1915. Free upon request. 

The Coking of Coal at Low Temperatures with Special Reference to the 
Properties and Composition of the Products, by S. W. Parr and H. L. Olin. 
1915. Free upon request. 

Wind Stresses in the Steel Frames of Office Buildings, by W. M. Wilson and 
G. A. Maney. 1915. Fifty cents. 

Influence of Temperature on the Strength of Concrete, by A. B. McDaniel. 
1915. Free upon request. ; 

Laboratory Tests of a Consolidation Locomotive, by E. C. Schmidt, J. M. Snod- 
grass, and R. B. Keller. 1915. Szxty-five cents. 

Magnetic and Other Properties of Iron-Silicon Alloys, Melted in Vacuo, by 
Trygve D. Yensen. 1915. Free upon request. 

Tests of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slab Structures, by Arthur N. Talbot and 
Willis A. Slater. 1916. Sixty-five cents. 

The Strength and Stiffness of Steel under Biaxial Loading, by A. J. Becker. 
1916. Free upon request. 

Strength of Webs of I-Beams and Girders, by H. F. Moore and W. M. Wilson. 
1916. Free upon request. 

Correction of Echoes and Reverberation in the Auditorium, University of 
Illinois, by F. R. Watson and J. M. White. 1916. Free upon request. 

Dry Preparation of Bituminous Coal at Illinois Mines, by E. A. Holbrook. 
1916. Seventy cents. 

Specific Gravity Studies of Illinois Coal, by M. L. Nebel. 1916. Free upon 
request. 

Some Graphical Solutions of Electric Railway Problems, by A. M. Buck. 1916. 
Free upon request. 

Subsidence Resulting from Mining, by L. E. Young and H. H. Stoek. 1916. 
None available. 

The Tractive Resistance on Curves of a 28-ton Electric Car, by E. C. Schmidt 
and H. H. Dunn. 1916. Free upon request. 

A Preliminary Study of the Alloys of Chromium, Copper, and Nickel, by D. F. 
McFarland and O. E. Harder. 1916. Free upon request. 

The Embrittling Action of Sodium Hydroxide on Soft Steel, by S. W. Parr. 
1917. Free upon request. 

Magnetic and Other Properties of Iron-Aluminum Alloys Melted in Vacuo 
by T. D. Yensen and W. A. Gatward. 1917. Free upon request. 

The Effect of Mouthpieces on the Flow of Water through a Submerged Short 
Pipe, by Fred B. Seely. 1917. Free upon request. 

Effects of Storage upon the Properties of Coal, by S. W. Parr. 1917. Free 
upon request. 


98. 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION vig’ 


Tests of Oxyacetylene Welded Joints in Steel Plates, by Herbert F. Moore. 
1917. Free upon request. 


99. The Collapse of Short Thin Tubes, by A. P. Carman. 1917. Free upon 


100. 


Iol. 


102. 


103. 


104. 


105. 


106. 


107. 


108. 


109. 


IIo. 


request. 

Percentage of Extraction of Bituminous Coal with Special Reference to Illinois 
Conditions, by C. M. Young. 1917. Free upon request. 

Comparative Tests of Six Sizes of Illinois Coal on a Mikado Locomotive, by 
E. C. Schmidt, J. M. Snodgrass, and O. S. Beyer, Jr. 1917. Free upon 
request. 

A Study of the Heat Transmission of Building Materials, by A. C. Willard 
and L. C. Lichty. 1917. Free upon request. 

An Investigation of Twist Drills, by B. W. Benedict and W. P. Lukens. 1917. 
Free upon request. 

Tests to Determine the Rigidity of Riveted Joints of Steel Structures, by 
W. M. Wilson and H. F. Moore. 1917. Free upon request. 

Hydraulic Experiments with Valves, Orifices, Hose, Nozzles, and Orifice 
Buckets, by Arthur N. Talbot, F. B. Seely, V. R. Fleming, and M. L. 
Enger. 1918. Free upon request. 

Test of a Flat Slab Floor of the Western Newspaper Union Building, by 
Arthur N. Talbot and H. F. Gonnerman. 1918. Free upon request. 
Analysis and Tests of Rigidly Connected Reinforced Concrete Frames, by 

Mikishi Abe. 1918. Free upon request. 

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the Slope Deflection 
Method, by W. M. Wilson, F. E. Richart, and Camillo Weiss. 1918. 
Free upon request. 

The Pipe Orifice as a Means of Measuring Flow of Water through a Pipe, by 
R. E. Davis and H. H. Jordan. 1918. Free upon request. 

Passenger Train Resistance, by E. C. Schmidt and H. H. Dunn. 1918. 
Free upon request. 


72 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


NEEDS OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING — 
AND OF THE ENGINEERING 
EXPERIMENT STATION 


The Staff of Instruction.—The physical equipment of 
a modern College of Engineering should be sufficient to 
meet fully the existing demands for instruction and research 
and it should be located in well designed and attractive 
laboratories. ‘To render such equipment effective, however, 
it is imperative that the men in charge of instruction be 
specialists of wide experience and of high ideals. It is only 
through this combination of men and of equipment that 
an institution can occupy a commanding position.in the 
field of engineering education. 

The requirements of modern engineering education 
impose unusually exacting qualifications for membership 
in the teaching staffs of the technical schools. The success- 
ful instructor in engineering must have had a thorough 
educational and professional preparation for his work; he 
should have had a sufficient amount of practical engineering 
experience to appreciate fully the problems which his students 
will encounter after graduation; he must be tactful in his 
relations with men, and possessed of a personality which 
will inspire the confidence and enthusiasm of his students; 
and he must be filled with a desire to extend the knowledge 
of the subject which he represents, through scientific 
research and through contributions to its literature. The 
truly effective college professor has all the characteristics 
of leadership which are essential to success in business and 
professional life, in addition to certain qualifications already 
named, some of which may be of minor importance to success 
in a business or professional career. The period of appren- 
ticeship through which an instructor must pass before he 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 73 


can expect to become a professor of engineering is a long 
one, and when he finally reaches a position of eminence 
and distinction 1n his work, he is forced to accept an income 
which is far below that which may be attained by men of 
similar accomplishments in business or professional work. 
As a result of this condition, it is exceedingly difficult to 
attract the proper kind of young men into academic work, 
notwithstanding the satisfaction which a teacher enjoys in 
-his contact with young men, and the opportunities for 
study and research which the college life affords. While 
it may never be possible for the engineering colleges to 
compete with the industries for men, it is fundamental to 
their future success that they be permitted to provide 
salaries which will render it possible for a college instructor 
to continue his work without such large sacrifices in earning 
power as now prevail. A very substantial increase in the 
salaries paid to college instructors and professors must be 
made if a high ‘efficiency of instruction in educational 
institutions is to be maintained. At the present time, 
because of the tremendous increase in the cost of living, 
and of little, if any, change in salaries, the purchasing power 
of a professor’s salary has been very greatly decreased. 

The College of Engineering of the University of 
Illinois should be permitted to readjust its scale of salaries 
so that it may attract the best technical educators to its 
staff and hold them against the competition of other 
similar institutions. In the opinion of those responsible 
for the development of the College of Engineering, the 
salary scale should be promptly readjusted to the following 
basis: 


YEARLY 
Heads of Departments . . . Pa S000 CD. 0,000 
Professors, not Heads of Deperonents Sy HOOT ce eh ONO 
Associate Professors es gh a 2 DOOM ahr OO 


Assistant Professors SSA ee fee ie re a,200.s** 31000 


74 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


YEARLY 
Associates DOB a a Oe ue 
Instructors. eee oie 1,500" 4,860 
Full-time Assistants Poe Ur Sa aaa 1,000 “Sai aeons 
Half-time Assistants are BN 600 "ae 


In order that the College of Engineering may keep 
pace with the rapid advance in engineering science, and that 
it may respond to the industrial needs of the State, it is 
imperative that it be prepared to add to its staff, from 
time to time, men who are recognized as leaders in their 
respective fields. As a result of the war, the number of 
men in the staff of the College has been seriously reduced. 
Its faculty must be increased as rapidly as suitable men 
can be found to fill the vacancies which now exist, and it 
must be prepared to add a considerable number of new 
professors and instructors who are specialists in phases of 
engineering as yet undeveloped in this institution. It seems 
inevitable that the enrolment in the College of Engineering 
will increase during the next few years, so that substantial 
additions to the salary budget for this College will be 
necessary to provide for the instruction of increasing 
numbers of students. 

This problem of staff organization and development is 
doubtless the most important one with which the officers 
of the College of Engineering have to deal. The Univer- 
sity and the people of the State must recognize the increas- 
ing difficulty in securing instructors of the type herein 
specified, and they must. be prepared to codperate in the 
effort to maintain a faculty comparable with those in the 
best technical schools of the world. Unless this is done, 
the standing of this institution cannot be maintained. 


The Maintenance and Extension of Equipment.—During 
recent years there has been little change in the appropria- 
tions for current expenses and for the maintenance and 


NOILIGGY dasod0u¥dgd AHL AO HOLYAS V HLIM “AYOLVAOAVT ONIAXANIONY ONINIPL FHL 


e3 
ieee 


ne 
nd oe sie 


Sg gaat 


BSCE 
PI Raita 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 77 


extension of equipment in the College of Engineering. 
There has been a considerable decrease this year in the 
appropriation for this purpose. The cost of materials, 
supplies and equipment needed for instruction has very 
greatly increased within the last few years, and it is unlikely 
that there will be any marked decrease in the cost of such 
commodities for some time. Assuming that the enrolment 
in the College will increase beyond that which prevailed 
prior to the war, it will be essential that additional funds 
be provided for this purpose during the coming biennium. 

In addition to the funds for materials, supplies and 
the maintenance of existing equipment, it is imperative 
that there be provided annually an adequate fund for the 
purchase of new equipment and for the replacement of 
obsolete apparatus. The astonishing development which 
has taken place in engineering science during recent years 
has rendered it desirable that the College replace much of 
its antiquated equipment with modern apparatus, so that the 
student may become familiar with the latest developments 
in every branch of engineering. No industrial organiza- 
tion can afford to use equipment which has been rendered 
obsolete by the development of new processes and appara- 
tus, and no college of engineering should be expected to 
use antiquated equipment for the instruction of men who 
will later be in responsible charge of the industries of the 
country. 


The Engineering Experiment Station.—At the present 
time the appropriations for salaries, for expenses connected 
with investigations and for the publication and distribu- 
tion of bulletins of the Engineering Experiment Station are 
insufficient to meet the reasonable desires of the Executive 
staff. Each department in the College should be provided 
with one or more full-time research assistants, and there 


78 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


should be an increased number of Research Graduate 
Assistants available for those departments which can use 
them effectively. The obligations of the members of the 
teaching staff of the College to their students prevent their 
doing much significant research work without assistance. 
Where members of the teaching staff need such assist- 
ance, the Station should be prepared to provide for this 
need. Additional funds for salaries in the Engineering Ex- 
periment Station are necessary to enable it to fulfill its 
obligations to stimulate and promote research. 

In addition to an adequate scientific staff, the Station 
must be prepared to provide the varied equipment essential 
to the successful prosecution of every investigation which 
is undertaken. Up to the present time it has been necessary 
to plan a program of investigations which involve a mini- 
mum of expense. Many desirable and important investi- 
gations should be undertaken when adequate funds are 
available. It is hoped that the importance of research 
will justify a substantial increase in the appropriations for 
such work. | 

A considerable proportion of the money appropriated 
to the Engineering Experiment Station is required for the 
printing and distribution of bulletins and circulars. It is 
obvious that the research work of the Station would be 
useless, unless the results are made available to every one 
interested. The work of the Engineering Experiment 
Station, which has already been completed, is sufficient 
evidence of the importance of the Station to the State, and 
it should be sufficient justification for more generous sup- 
port of this institution in the future. ; 


Buildings and Land.—With the exception of the 
Departments of Physics, Railway Engineering and Ceramic 
Engineering, there are no other departments in the College 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 79 


of Engineering which have adequate facilities either in 
buildings or equipment. In some of the older departments 
of the College, the need for additional room 1s so serious 
that their work is greatly handicapped, and it is difficult 
for them to meet the changing conditions and needs of 
engineering education and engineering research. Few of 
the buildings occupied by the College of Engineering are of 
permanent character, and the most of them are poorly 
adapted to the work for which they are used. In the erec- 
tion of the older buildings of the engineering group, no 
attempt was made to secure architectural harmony, and 
there seems to have been no definite scheme of campus 
development. Many of the buildings have been out- 
grown, and apparently few of them were designed with 
much reference to the needs of the departments which they 
house. 

The successful future development of the College of 
Engineering depends to a very large extent upon the erec- 
tion of a group of buildings to house the various depart- 
ments, which are designed so that each building becomes 
a part of a properly conceived scheme of laboratories, 
drafting rooms, museums, class-rooms and offices, arranged 
to allow for future growth that will be rendered necessary 
by an increased student enrolment and by the necessities 
of a changing engineering practice. As the engineering 
group is developed, it should conform to some harmonious 
architectural plan which will insure that buildings will be 
erected in proper relation to each other, and with due 
regard for landscape effects in order to produce the impres- 
sion of beauty and adaptability so desirable in college 
architecture. | 

Studies for the development of the campus of the 
College of Engineering have been prepared by the staff of 
the Department of Architecture, and the accompanying 


80 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


illustrations present perspective views of the group of | 


engineering buildings which may ultimately be necessary ~ 


to provide for the needs of the College. Estimates con- 
cerning the. space requirements for the departments now, 
represented in the College indicate the need for additional 
major buildings of the class-room type having a gross floor 
area of 465,600 square feet, together with buildings of the 
laboratory type having a gross floor area of 452,900 square 
feet. The estimated cost of the former type of buildings 
is $3,146,000, and of the latter type is $1,695,000. 

In the consideration of plans for the enlargement of 
the College of Engineering, it has been definitely agreed 
that the campus should be extended to the eastward from 
the: buildings already erected. In order that this plan 
may be realized, it will be necessary for the University to 
purchase a considerable quantity of city property. Much 
of this property is improved, and consequently its cost will 
be large. Estimates have been made that the total cost 
of the land which the University must ultimately acquire 
to meet the needs of the College of Engineering will be 
$270,000. | 

The budget presented for the consideration of the 
President and of the Board of Trustees provides for the 
completion of a number of minor building projects, includ- 
ing an addition to the Transportation Building, the erec- 
tion of a wing to the Mining Laboratory, and a Railway 
Electrical Laboratory. In addition to these building pro- 
jects, which should take precedence over other construction 
work, the officers of the College of Engineering consider it 
essential that provision be made as soon as possible for a 
building to house the Department of Architecture and 
such of the Fine Arts as may ultimately be developed in 
the University; a building to provide for the needs of 
the Departments of Mining Engineering, Metallurgical 


GaGNAWWOOAY SI HOIHM JO 
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 83 


Engineering and Chemical Engineering; a building to house 
the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Mechanical 
Engineering; a building to provide for the Departments of 
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Municipal and Sant- 
tary Engineering and Civil Engineering; a building to house 
the Shop Laboratories; and a building to provide for 
instruction and research in Hydraulic Engineering. In 
some one of these major buildings, or perhaps preferably in 
a separate building, provision should be made for a great 
Engineering Museum, in which there can be brought 
together a comprehensive exhibit of machines and processes. 
The educational value of such a museum cannot be over- 
emphasized in a country which has done so much in inven- 
tion and in the development of industrial processes. 


If the changing and constantly increasing needs of the 
College of Engineering are to be properly met, it 1s impor- 
tant that some definite continuing program be approved 
for the construction of buildings for its use, and that funds 
be provided to render it possible to proceed with the erec- 
tion of a dignified, harmonious group of btildings such as is 
herein proposed. 


Summer Surveying Camp.—When instruction in engi- 
neering was first undertaken by the colleges, comparatively 
little progress had been made in its development as a sci- 
ence. The employers of graduates of engineering schools 
demanded that these men be prepared to engage in practical 
work, and consequently the curriculums offered by the col- 
leges included a large amount of time devoted to such 
practical subjects as surveying, shop work, drafting, etc. 
During recent years the more exacting requirements for 
extended theoretical and scientific knowledge in engineering 
have rendered it necessary to increase the time devoted 
to the study of the mathematical, physical, and applied 


84 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 


sciences, and as a consequence the time for the so-called 
practical subjects has been reduced. ‘To meet these chang- 
ing conditions and at the same time to retain in the curric- 
ulum as much as possible of the practical work, a consid- 
erable number of the institutions of the country require 
their students to do some kind of summer work. Nearly 
all the leading technical schools in America now require 
some summer instruction in surveying, and many of them 
have more or less elaborate summer camps for instruction 
in this subject and in other related engineering work. 

The College of Engineering of the University of Illinois 
needs to provide for more instruction in surveying and 
map-making. The location of the University is not such 
as to permit instruction and practice in topographic, hydro- 
graphic, mine and railway surveying, and conditions are 
not favorable for instruction in simple plane surveying. 
It is important, therefore, that this institution adopt the 
plan for a summer camp, which has been found successful. 
in other colleges. In such a camp the students may receive 
proper instruction in surveying, under conditions which 
closely approximate those in practical engineering work. 

since a Summer surveying camp should be located on a 
large tract of land of varied topography, with streams or 
lakes to enable hydrographic surveying to be undertaken, 
it is recommended that the University acquire a tract of 
2,000 or 3,000 acres of land in Northern Michigan or North- 
ern Wisconsin, which may be obtained for a relatively small 
sum per acre and which will provide for our needs in this 
connection. A tract in either of these states will afford 
climatic conditions favorable to outside work. It would 
be necessary to erect on this land a few simple buildings to 
be used as mess halls and for purposes of study. For a 
time at least, it is probable that the students would be 
quartered in tents. 


ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 85 


THE PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE COLLEGE OF 
ENGINEERING AND THE ENGINEERING EX- 
PERIMENT STATION FOR THE BIENNIUM 

BEGINNING JULY 1, 1919 


FTER careful consideration of the needs of the Col- 

lege of Engineering and the Engineering Experiment 
station, the Dean and Heads of Departments have sub- 
mitted a budget for the consideration of the President and 
the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, which 
is herewith presented. 

It was proposed that salaries be readjusted in accord- 
ance with the schedule presented in the preceding section 
of this report, and that provision be made for such new 
members of the staff as may be necessary to provide for the 
instruction of students during the coming biennium, or for 
the development of new work which should be undertaken 
during this period. In addition to the items for salaries 
and for the purchase of materials, supplies, equipment, 
etc., there is included an item for the purchase of land 
necessary for the future development of a proper building 
program for the College of Engineering, and another item 
for the purchase of land to provide facilities for a Summer 
Surveying Camp. 

It is considered essential that during the coming 
biennium, funds be provided for the completion of the 
Transportation Building, for an addition to the Mining 
Laboratory, for the erection of a Railway Electrical Labora- 
tory, and for a small addition to the Machine Shop to serve 
as a demonstration room for the instruction of students 
in machine shop practice and management. In addition 
to these minor structures, it is considered desirable by 
those responsible for the development of the College of 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS — URBANA ) 


86 COLLEGE OF ENGINE] | | | . 
N3011210@6388620 


Engineering that an appropriation be made for the erection 
of a building to provide adequate facilities for the Depart- 
ments of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Municipal . 
and Sanitary Engineering and Civil Engineering; for a 
building for the Department of Architecture; and for a 
building to house the various Shop Laboratories. 


BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR THE 


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION 
For THE BIENNIUM BEGINNING JULY 1, 1919 

SUBMITTED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE 
PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 


ITEM For the Year | For the Year ete: 
1919-1920 1920-1921 1919-1921 
SALARIES 
College of: Fagineéring Gh $411,740 $469,960 | $ 881,700 
Engineering Experiment Station......... 77,450 85,030 162,480 
Coal Mining Investigations... .... 1.2... 3,400 3,600 7,000 
LL otals? 2 ae a eee $492,590 $558,590 | $1,051,180 
EXPENSES 
College of Baginecring 5 642 nee $ 75,000 $ 75,000 | $150,000 
Engineering Experiment Station........ 25,000 25,000 50,000 
Coal Mining Investigations............. 1,800 1,800 3,600 - 
OGAIG yo eee ee ee $101,800 | $101,800 $203,600 
LAND 
Land for the Development of the College 

of Eneinecring. 72. bee ne $135,000 | $ 135,000 $270,000 

Land for a Summer Surveying Camp.... 30,000 30,000 

Totals icc" ve oes ee $165,000 $135,000 | $300,000 

BUILDINGS . 

Completion of Transportation Building..| $ 45,000 $ 45,000 
Addition to Mining Laboratory......... 25,000 25,000 
Railway Electrical Laboratory.......... 35,000 35,000 
Addition to Machine Shop............. 2,500 2,500 
Building for Departments of Theoretical 

and Applied Mechanics, Municipal and 

Sanitary Engineering and Civil Engi- 

NECTING 20701 a A ee ee re ae 25,000 $275,000 300,000 
Building for Department of Architecture 25,000 275,000 300,000 
Building for Shop Laboratories......... 150,000 150,000 

Tots Ce ee ee $157,500 $700,000 | $857,500 
Grand Totals...........| $916,890 |. $1,495,390 


$2,412,280 


